UE Amputation & Additional LE amputations

Question 1

What is a digital amputation?

Answer 1

Removal of digit at either the MCP, PIP or DIP

Question 2

What is partial hand?

Answer 2

Removal of a portion of the hand and the digits at either the trans carpal, transmetacarpal, or transphalangeal level

Question 3

What is a wrist disarticulation?

Answer 3

Removal of hand through wrist joint

Question 4

What is transradial amputation?

Answer 4

Removal of UE distal to the elbow joint

Question 5

What is elbow disarticulation?

Answer 5

Removal of UE through the elbow joint

Question 6

What is transhumeral amputation?

Answer 6

Removal of UE through shoulder

Question 7

What is forequarter amputation?

Answer 7

Removal of the UE including the shoulder girdle

Question 8

What is the prosthesis for partial hand amputation?

Answer 8

• Socket w/ fingers
• Silicone hand restoration
• Custom fabricated

Question 9

What is the prosthesis for digit amputation?

Answer 9

Prosthesis not typically used

Question 10

What is the prosthesis for wrist disarticulation?

Answer 10

• Harness
• Socket
• Wrist
• Terminal device

Question 11

A transradial amputation must be a minimum of what distance proximal to distal radius?

Answer 11

Minimum 5 cm

Question 12

What is the most common level of UE amputation?

Answer 12

Transradial

Question 13

What is a transradial amputation typically caused by?

Answer 13

Trauma

Question 14

What is the second most common UE amputation?

Answer 14

Transhumeral

Question 15

What is most commonly the cause for forequarter or shoulder disarticulation?

Answer 15

Malignancy

Question 16

What is the advantages of cosmetic/passive prosthesis?

Answer 16

• harnesses may not be needed for suspension
• Increase cosmesis
• Decreased weight & cost

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of cosmetic/passive prosthesis?

Answer 17

Decreased function

Question 18

What is the advantages of conventional/body powered prosthesis?

Answer 18

• Increased feedback w/ harness
• Increased function
• Lower initial cost
• Lighter weight
• Easy to repair

Question 19

What are the disadvantages of conventional/body powered prosthesis?

Answer 19

• Mechanical appearance
• May be difficult to use
• Increase straps

Question 20

How is movement controlled below elbow when using conventional/body powered prosthesis?

Answer 20

• Bilateral scapular abduction
• Depression or ipsilateral flexion of humerus is used to pull cable & force opening go terminal device

Question 21

How is movement controlled above the elbow when using a conventional/body powered prosthesis?

Answer 21

• Bilateral scapular abduction
• Depression or ipsilateral flexion of humerus is used to pull cable & force opening go terminal device
• Same motions can be used to flex elbow

Question 22

What are the advantages of externally powered/myoelectric prosthesis?

Answer 22

• No harness or cable system
• Built to look more realistic
• Battery powered- does not rely on patient strength/control
• Can provide a forceful grip

Question 23

What are the disadvantages of externally powered/myoelectric prosthesis?

Answer 23

• Higher initial cost
• Heavier batteries & components
• Higher cost to repair
• Poor battery life

Question 24

How do users control an externally powered/myoelectric prosthesis?

Answer 24

Contracting muscles of the residual limb

Question 25

What are the advantages of a hybrid prosthesis?

Answer 25

- Increased cosmesis - Increased function - Decreased body motion needed to operate - Increased grip strength

Question 26

What are the disadvantages of hybrid prosthesis?

Answer 26

- Increased weight - Increased cost - Depends on battery

Question 27

How is a hybrid prosthesis used?

Answer 27

Combine use of body-powered & externally powered prosthetic components

Question 28

What is Targeted Muscles Reinnervation (TMR)?

Answer 28

- Surgical procedure that reassigns nerves that once controlled the arm/hand

Question 29

What are the advantages of hooks?

Answer 29

- Durable - Low maintenance & repair costs - Light weight - Patients can see object they are trying to hold

Question 30

What are the disadvantages of hooks?

Answer 30

Poor cosmesis

Question 31

What are the disadvantages of prehensors?

Answer 31

- Difficult to pick up small objects - Bulkier than hook

Question 32

What is the advantages of artificial hands?

Answer 32

- Cosmetically more appealing than hook or prehensors - More degrees of freedom - Pattern recognition for improved motor skills

Question 33

What are the disadvantages of artificial hands?

Answer 33

More difficult to learn how to use

Question 34

What is a hip disarticulation?

Answer 34

- Amputation through hip joint - Pelvis remains intact

Question 35

What is a hemipelvectomy?

Answer 35

- Resection of part of the pelvic

Question 36

What is a knee disarticulation?

Answer 36

- Amputation through knee joint - Causes uneven functional knee joint center

Question 37

What does transmetatarsal, lisfrank & chopart amputation cause?

Answer 37

- Loss of forefoot leverage - Decreased balance - Decreased WB surface - Decreased proprioception

Question 38

What impairments does symes amputation cause?

Answer 38

- Loss of all foot function - Residual limb can bear wt through distal end - Residual limb bulbous

Question 39

What does a plastic foot replacement do?

Answer 39

Restores foot length & protects residual limb