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Prosthetics/Orthotics > UE Amputation & Additional LE amputations > Flashcards

UE Amputation & Additional LE amputations Flashcards

1
Q

What is a digital amputation?

A

Removal of digit at either the MCP, PIP or DIP

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2
Q

What is partial hand?

A

Removal of a portion of the hand and the digits at either the trans carpal, transmetacarpal, or transphalangeal level

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3
Q

What is a wrist disarticulation?

A

Removal of hand through wrist joint

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4
Q

What is transradial amputation?

A

Removal of UE distal to the elbow joint

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5
Q

What is elbow disarticulation?

A

Removal of UE through the elbow joint

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6
Q

What is transhumeral amputation?

A

Removal of UE through shoulder

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7
Q

What is forequarter amputation?

A

Removal of the UE including the shoulder girdle

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8
Q

What is the prosthesis for partial hand amputation?

A
  • Socket w/ fingers
  • Silicone hand restoration
  • Custom fabricated
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9
Q

What is the prosthesis for digit amputation?

A

Prosthesis not typically used

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10
Q

What is the prosthesis for wrist disarticulation?

A
  • Harness
  • Socket
  • Wrist
  • Terminal device
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11
Q

A transradial amputation must be a minimum of what distance proximal to distal radius?

A

Minimum 5 cm

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12
Q

What is the most common level of UE amputation?

A

Transradial

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13
Q

What is a transradial amputation typically caused by?

A

Trauma

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14
Q

What is the second most common UE amputation?

A

Transhumeral

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15
Q

What is most commonly the cause for forequarter or shoulder disarticulation?

A

Malignancy

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16
Q

What is the advantages of cosmetic/passive prosthesis?

A
  • harnesses may not be needed for suspension
  • Increase cosmesis
  • Decreased weight & cost
17
Q

What are the disadvantages of cosmetic/passive prosthesis?

A

Decreased function

18
Q

What is the advantages of conventional/body powered prosthesis?

A
  • Increased feedback w/ harness
  • Increased function
  • Lower initial cost
  • Lighter weight
  • Easy to repair
19
Q

What are the disadvantages of conventional/body powered prosthesis?

A
  • Mechanical appearance
  • May be difficult to use
  • Increase straps
20
Q

How is movement controlled below elbow when using conventional/body powered prosthesis?

A
  • Bilateral scapular abduction
  • Depression or ipsilateral flexion of humerus is used to pull cable & force opening go terminal device
21
Q

How is movement controlled above the elbow when using a conventional/body powered prosthesis?

A
  • Bilateral scapular abduction
  • Depression or ipsilateral flexion of humerus is used to pull cable & force opening go terminal device
  • Same motions can be used to flex elbow
22
Q

What are the advantages of externally powered/myoelectric prosthesis?

A
  • No harness or cable system
  • Built to look more realistic
  • Battery powered- does not rely on patient strength/control
  • Can provide a forceful grip
23
Q

What are the disadvantages of externally powered/myoelectric prosthesis?

A
  • Higher initial cost
  • Heavier batteries & components
  • Higher cost to repair
  • Poor battery life
24
Q

How do users control an externally powered/myoelectric prosthesis?

A

Contracting muscles of the residual limb

25
Q

What are the advantages of a hybrid prosthesis?

A
  • Increased cosmesis
  • Increased function
  • Decreased body motion needed to operate
  • Increased grip strength
26
Q

What are the disadvantages of hybrid prosthesis?

A
  • Increased weight
  • Increased cost
  • Depends on battery
27
Q

How is a hybrid prosthesis used?

A

Combine use of body-powered & externally powered prosthetic components

28
Q

What is Targeted Muscles Reinnervation (TMR)?

A
  • Surgical procedure that reassigns nerves that once controlled the arm/hand
29
Q

What are the advantages of hooks?

A
  • Durable
  • Low maintenance & repair costs
  • Light weight
  • Patients can see object they are trying to hold
30
Q

What are the disadvantages of hooks?

A

Poor cosmesis

31
Q

What are the disadvantages of prehensors?

A
  • Difficult to pick up small objects
  • Bulkier than hook
32
Q

What is the advantages of artificial hands?

A
  • Cosmetically more appealing than hook or prehensors
  • More degrees of freedom
  • Pattern recognition for improved motor skills
33
Q

What are the disadvantages of artificial hands?

A

More difficult to learn how to use

34
Q

What is a hip disarticulation?

A
  • Amputation through hip joint
  • Pelvis remains intact
35
Q

What is a hemipelvectomy?

A
  • Resection of part of the pelvic
36
Q

What is a knee disarticulation?

A
  • Amputation through knee joint
  • Causes uneven functional knee joint center
37
Q

What does transmetatarsal, lisfrank & chopart amputation cause?

A
  • Loss of forefoot leverage
  • Decreased balance
  • Decreased WB surface
  • Decreased proprioception
38
Q

What impairments does symes amputation cause?

A
  • Loss of all foot function
  • Residual limb can bear wt through distal end
  • Residual limb bulbous
39
Q

What does a plastic foot replacement do?

A

Restores foot length & protects residual limb

Prosthetics/Orthotics (12 decks)

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