UE Amputation & Additional LE amputations Flashcards
What is a digital amputation?
Removal of digit at either the MCP, PIP or DIP
What is partial hand?
Removal of a portion of the hand and the digits at either the trans carpal, transmetacarpal, or transphalangeal level
What is a wrist disarticulation?
Removal of hand through wrist joint
What is transradial amputation?
Removal of UE distal to the elbow joint
What is elbow disarticulation?
Removal of UE through the elbow joint
What is transhumeral amputation?
Removal of UE through shoulder
What is forequarter amputation?
Removal of the UE including the shoulder girdle
What is the prosthesis for partial hand amputation?
- Socket w/ fingers
- Silicone hand restoration
- Custom fabricated
What is the prosthesis for digit amputation?
Prosthesis not typically used
What is the prosthesis for wrist disarticulation?
- Harness
- Socket
- Wrist
- Terminal device
A transradial amputation must be a minimum of what distance proximal to distal radius?
Minimum 5 cm
What is the most common level of UE amputation?
Transradial
What is a transradial amputation typically caused by?
Trauma
What is the second most common UE amputation?
Transhumeral
What is most commonly the cause for forequarter or shoulder disarticulation?
Malignancy
What is the advantages of cosmetic/passive prosthesis?
- harnesses may not be needed for suspension
- Increase cosmesis
- Decreased weight & cost
What are the disadvantages of cosmetic/passive prosthesis?
Decreased function
What is the advantages of conventional/body powered prosthesis?
- Increased feedback w/ harness
- Increased function
- Lower initial cost
- Lighter weight
- Easy to repair
What are the disadvantages of conventional/body powered prosthesis?
- Mechanical appearance
- May be difficult to use
- Increase straps
How is movement controlled below elbow when using conventional/body powered prosthesis?
- Bilateral scapular abduction
- Depression or ipsilateral flexion of humerus is used to pull cable & force opening go terminal device
How is movement controlled above the elbow when using a conventional/body powered prosthesis?
- Bilateral scapular abduction
- Depression or ipsilateral flexion of humerus is used to pull cable & force opening go terminal device
- Same motions can be used to flex elbow
What are the advantages of externally powered/myoelectric prosthesis?
- No harness or cable system
- Built to look more realistic
- Battery powered- does not rely on patient strength/control
- Can provide a forceful grip
What are the disadvantages of externally powered/myoelectric prosthesis?
- Higher initial cost
- Heavier batteries & components
- Higher cost to repair
- Poor battery life
How do users control an externally powered/myoelectric prosthesis?
Contracting muscles of the residual limb
What are the advantages of a hybrid prosthesis?
- Increased cosmesis
- Increased function
- Decreased body motion needed to operate
- Increased grip strength
What are the disadvantages of hybrid prosthesis?
- Increased weight
- Increased cost
- Depends on battery
How is a hybrid prosthesis used?
Combine use of body-powered & externally powered prosthetic components
What is Targeted Muscles Reinnervation (TMR)?
- Surgical procedure that reassigns nerves that once controlled the arm/hand
What are the advantages of hooks?
- Durable
- Low maintenance & repair costs
- Light weight
- Patients can see object they are trying to hold
What are the disadvantages of hooks?
Poor cosmesis
What are the disadvantages of prehensors?
- Difficult to pick up small objects
- Bulkier than hook
What is the advantages of artificial hands?
- Cosmetically more appealing than hook or prehensors
- More degrees of freedom
- Pattern recognition for improved motor skills
What are the disadvantages of artificial hands?
More difficult to learn how to use
What is a hip disarticulation?
- Amputation through hip joint
- Pelvis remains intact
What is a hemipelvectomy?
- Resection of part of the pelvic
What is a knee disarticulation?
- Amputation through knee joint
- Causes uneven functional knee joint center
What does transmetatarsal, lisfrank & chopart amputation cause?
- Loss of forefoot leverage
- Decreased balance
- Decreased WB surface
- Decreased proprioception
What impairments does symes amputation cause?
- Loss of all foot function
- Residual limb can bear wt through distal end
- Residual limb bulbous
What does a plastic foot replacement do?
Restores foot length & protects residual limb
