UE 14 - Guest lecture: Mobility

Question 1

Name four global megatrends shape the future of mobility

Answer 1

• Population grow
• Rapid urbanization
• Climate change
• Digital transformation

Question 2

True or false?

Modes of transport

Passenger transport

• Individual transport
  –> By foot
  –> By bicycle
  –> By car
• Public transport
  –> Bus, tram
  –> Train
  –> Plane

Freight transport

• Delivery transport
  –> Plane
  –> Truck
  –> Maritime
• Freight/Cargo

Answer 2

True!

Question 3

1) What is mobility?

2) What is transport?

3) What is traffic?

Answer 3

1) What is mobility?

• The ability to move people or goods
• E.g. choosing between biking or taking the bus

2) What is transport?

• The system that moves people or goods
• E. g. a railroad-system

3) What is traffic?

• The actual flow or volume of vehicles, people or goods
• E.g. Rush hour on the highway

Question 4

What is missing?

Types of hybrid and electric vehicles.

Hybrid vehicles

• “…”
  –> Combustion and electric engine
  –> Fuel tank
• “…”
  –> Combustion and electric engine
  –> Fuel tank + battery

Electric vehicles (EV)

• “…”
  –> Electric engine
  –> Battery
• “…”
  –> H2 tank
  –> H2 fuel cell
  –> Battery
  –> Electric engine

Answer 4

“Hybrid Vehicles (HV)”

“Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)”

“Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)”

“Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)”

Question 5

Well-to-Wheel energy demand for BEV, FCEV and ICE with eFuels

Provide the average energy consumption in Wh/km, efficiency of the engine and well-to-wheel efficiency for BEV, FCEV and ICE.

Answer 5

Well-to-Wheel energy demand for BEV, FCEV and ICE with eFuels

Electricity (BEV)

• Energy consumption: ~200 Wh/km
• Efficiency electric motor: > 90 %
• Well-to-wheel efficiency: 76 %

H2 (FCEV)

• Energy consumption: ~500 Wh/km
• Efficiency electric motor: > 90 %
• Well-to-wheel efficiency: 30 %
  (Very high losses: electrolysis, fuel cell)

eFuels (ICE)

• Energy consumption: ~900 Wh/km
• Efficiency electric motor: < 40 %
• Well-to-wheel efficiency: 17 %
  (Very high losses: electrolysis, ice)

Question 6

True or false?

The battery technology will be further improved in the future

Energy density (Wh/kg)
- 1990: 80
- Today: 275
- Future: ~500-1200

Battery costs (€/kWh)
- 1990: > 1000
- Today: 150
- Future: ~ <50

Answer 6

True!

Question 7

True or false?

Between 2018 and 2030 the global battery demand is projected to increase by a factor of 24.

Answer 7

True!

Question 8

True or false?

Grid-serving charging management enables the reduction of charging power for electric vehicles during critical periods in order to reduce charging peaks and relieve the burden on the power grid.

• Night time parking of e-vehicles enables redistribution of charging peaks
• 61% of the demanded energy is redistributable and increases the charging time on average only by 27 minutes
• Reduction of charging peaks by 30-50% without limiting consumer mobility

Answer 8

True!