UE 14 - Guest lecture: Mobility

Question 1

Name four global megatrends shape the future of mobility

Answer 1

• Population grow
• Rapid urbanization
• Climate change
• Digital transformation

Question 2

True or false?

Modes of transport

Passenger transport

• Individual transport
  –> By foot
  –> By bicycle
  –> By car
• Public transport
  –> Bus, tram
  –> Train
  –> Plane

Freight transport

• Delivery transport
  –> Plane
  –> Truck
  –> Maritime
• Freight/Cargo

Answer 2

True!

Question 3

1) What is mobility?

2) What is transport?

3) What is traffic?

Answer 3

1) What is mobility?

• Potential changes of location of people
• E.g. choosing between biking or taking the bus

2) What is transport?

• The physical change of people, goods and data in space
• E. g. a railroad-system

3) What is traffic?

• The actual flow or volume of vehicles, people or goods
• E.g. Rush hour on the highway

Question 4

Name the most important technical components.

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
- Combustion engine, fuel tank
- Fuel: “…”

Hybrid Vehicles (HEV)
- “…”

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
- “…”

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
- “…”

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)
- “…”

Answer 4

Name the most important technical components.

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
- Combustion engine, fuel tank
- Fuel: Petrol/Diesel/H2

Hybrid Vehicles (HEV)
- Combustion engine + electric motor, fuel tank

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
- Combustion engine + electric motor, fuel tank + battery

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
- Electric engine, battery

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)
- H2 fuel cell + electric engine, H2 tank + battery

Question 5

Well-to-Wheel energy demand for BEV, FCEV and ICE with eFuels

Provide the average energy consumption in Wh/km, efficiency of the engine and well-to-wheel efficiency for BEV, FCEV and ICE.

Answer 5

Well-to-Wheel energy demand for BEV, FCEV and ICE with eFuels

Electricity (BEV)

• Energy consumption: ~200 Wh/km
• Efficiency electric motor: > 90 %
• Well-to-wheel efficiency: 76 %

H2 (FCEV)

• Energy consumption: ~500 Wh/km
• Efficiency electric motor: > 90 %
• Well-to-wheel efficiency: 30 %
  (Very high losses: electrolysis, fuel cell)

eFuels (ICE)

• Energy consumption: ~900 Wh/km
• Efficiency combustion engine: < 40 %
• Well-to-wheel efficiency: 17 %
  (Very high losses: electrolysis, ice)

Question 6

True or false?

The battery technology will be further improved in the future

Energy density (Wh/kg)
- 1990: 80
- Today: 275
- Future: ~500-1200

Battery costs (€/kWh)
- 1990: > 1000
- Today: 150
- Future: ~ <50

Answer 6

True!

Question 7

True or false?

Between 2018 and 2030 the global battery demand is projected to increase by a factor of 24.

Answer 7

True!

Question 8

What is missing?

“…” enables the reduction of charging power for electric vehicles during critical periods in order to reduce charging peaks and relieve the burden on the power grid.

• Night time parking of e-vehicles enables redistribution of charging peaks
• 61% of the demanded energy is redistributable and increases the charging time on average only by 27 minutes
• Reduction of charging peaks by 30-50% without limiting consumer mobility

Answer 8

“Grid-serving charging management”

Question 9

Describe the procedure of the refining process

Answer 9

Procedure of the Refining Process

1) Raw material: crude oil
2) Separation (fractionation)
3) Refining (cracking, transforming)
4) Blending
5) Mineral oil products

Question 10

True or false?

• The relatively high energy density makes liquid synthetic fuels attractive substitutes for conventional fuels.
• Methanol is considered a promising synthetic fuel because of its simple synthesis reaction and its suitability as a petrol substitute.
• Although liquid hydrocarbons have the best properties as energy sources, they are more difficult to produce.

Answer 10

True!