UE 10 - Guest lecture: Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage

Question 1

Name and explain the CO2 capture methods.

Answer 1

CO2 capture methods

Post-combustion (+ acid gas removal)

1. Fuel + Air
2. Combustion
3. Flue gas
4. CO2 capture
5. Clean flue gas + CO2

Oxy-fuel-combustion

1. O2 + fuel
2. Combustion
3. CO2

Pre-combustion

1. Fuel
2. CO2 capture
3. H2 + CO2
4. Combustion
5. Air –> Combustion + Clean flue gas

Question 2

Name five possible CO2 transportation modes.

Answer 2

• Tank truck
• ISO container
• Rail
• Pipeline
• Ship

Question 3

What is missing?

CO2 Transportation modes

Tank truck

• Phase: “…”
• Distance: “…”
• Quantity: “…”
• Advantage: “…”

ISO container

• Phase: “…”
• Distance: “…”
• Quantity: “…”
• Advantage: “…”

Rail

• Phase: “…”
• Distance: “…”
• Quantity: “…”
• Advantage: “…”

Pipeline

• Phase: “…”
• Distance: “…”
• Quantity: “…”
• Advantage:”…”

Ship

• Phase: “…”
• Distance: “…”
• Quantity: “…”
• Advantage: “…”

Answer 3

Transportation modes

Tank truck

• Phase: Liquid
• Distance: Short (< 100 km)
• Quantity: Small
• Advantage: Flexible on land

ISO container

• Phase: Liquid
• Distance: Short to long
• Quantity: Small
• Advantage: Flexibility

Rail

• Phase: Liquid
• Distance: Medium
• Quantity: Medium
• Advantage: Cost effective from point to point

Pipeline

• Phase: Supercritical (gaseous and liquid)
• Distance: Short to long
• Quantity: Large
• Advantage: Cost effective for scale up, continuous flow

Ship

• Phase: Liquid
• Distance: Long (> 200 km)
• Quantity: Large
• Advantage: Flexibility and cost effective for overseas

Question 4

True or false?

• CO2 pipelines in operation since the 1970s
• There are currently 50 CO2 pipelines operating in the US through over 8,000 km which transport approximately 70 Mtpa of CO2 every year (GCCSI).

Answer 4

True!

Question 5

What types of long-term CO2 underground storages are there?

Answer 5

• Saline aquifers
• Depleted gas and oil fields
• Ocean storage
  –> Compressed liquid or supercritical CO2 is transported (via pipeline or ship) and injected deep into the ocean, typically below 1000-3000 m
  –> CO2 is denser than water at high pressure and low temperature
  –> Environmental concerns (e.g. acidification)

Question 6

What is missing?

• CO2 is injected into underground storages in its “…” state.
• Over time, “…”: first “…”, then “…” and finally “…”
• This makes the storage increasingly secure over time.

Answer 6

“supercritical”

“natural trapping processes immobilize the CO2”

“by trapping it in pore spaces”

“dissolving it in brine (‘Sole’, ‘Salzwasser’)”

“turning it into solid minerals”

Question 7

What is missing?

“…”

• “…”

The extracted CO2 can be:

• Used directly as a heat source for nearby consumption (CO2 capture facilities).

Reinjection and CO2 Sequestration

• After cooling and condensation, the CO2 is reinjected into the original reservoir.
• This ensures that 100% of the CO2 is permanently sequestered underground

Answer 7

CO2 plume geothermal systems

• The system utilizes CO2 as a working fluid to extract heat from underground reservoirs.

The extracted CO2 can be:

• Used directly as a heat source for nearby consumption (CO2 capture facilities).

Reinjection and CO2 Sequestration

• After cooling and condensation, the CO2 is reinjected into the original reservoir.
• This ensures that 100% of the CO2 is permanently sequestered underground