UCSP 2 Flashcards
Culture
The by-product of the attempt of humans compensating for their biological limitations
Evolution
The natural process wherein biological changes occur in a population across successive generations
Manlike primates
A different species of primate which evolved 40 mil years ago. Great apes which branched off from the primary primate group.
Hominids
Apelike men who first used stone tools as weapons who lived about 2.4 to 1.4 mil years ago
Homo Habilis
Manlike species that could walk straight and upright a brain similar to the modern one refined tools for hunting and weapons for protection.
Homo Erectus
Direct ancestor of the modern man which lived around 250k years ago
Had farming communities which had livelihoods of fishing and farming
Had rituals, religions, and burial practices
Homo Sapien
The four biological capacity of human evolution
Gripping, speaking, walking/standing, and thinking capacity
Old stone age wherein people used simple pebble tools, lived in caves, etc.
Discovered fire
Food collecting culture (hunter gatherer)
Small sculptures and paintings
Paleolithic Period
New stone age
Simple tools shaped by polishing or grinding
Permanent villages
Domesticated plants and animals
Crafts such as pottery and weaving
Food producing culture (farmers)
Neolithic age
Time period which utilized metals such as bronze, copper, and iron
Developed social, cultural, political, and economic systems
Kingdoms, empires, and later on the state
Age of Metals
A collection of people in the same place at the same time yet share no sense of meaning or belonging
Aggregate
A group of people who share common characteristics but do not necessarily interact
Categories
A collection of people who regularly interact and share a common identity or goal.
Social Groups
A type of social group which is small and intimate. The people in the group share deep emotional connections. Interactions are informal and based on personal ties rather than goals
Primary group
A type of social group which is larger, less personal, and temporary. Members usually interact to achieve a goal rather than for connections. Interactions are formal and based on roles and responsibilities
Secondary Groups
A type of group where a person feels a strong sense of belonging, loyalty, and identity. Is considered a primary group
In-group
A type of group perceived as separate, or even competition to one’s own group
Out-group
A type of group which people use as a standard of comparison. Shaping their identity to become more like or less like the specific group.
Reference group
A web of relationships that connect individuals and groups.
Social Network
Type of social network consisting of friends, family, and close acquaintances.
Personal Networks
Type of social network consisting of coworkers, mentors, and business contacts
Professional Networks
Type of social network consisting of social media communities
Online networks
Structured groupings of people working to achieving a specific goal, operating with established rules, procedures, and hierarchy.
Specialized groups to distribute the labour.
Formal Organization
Type of formal organization characterized by shared values, such as non profit organizations.
Normative
Type of formal organization wherein membership is involuntary and forced upon a person. Examples of such are prisons, cults (depends), and mental health facilities
Coercive Organizations
Type of formal organization which provides material rewards for labour. Examples of such are corporations, and government jobs
Utilitarian Organizations
Max Weber’s bureaucratic theory
A system of management follows a clear chain of command, formal rules, and specialized distributed labour to run organizations
5 characteristics of Max Weber’s Bureaucracy
Clear Hierarchal Structure
Divided Labor and Specialization
Strict Adherence to Rules
Impersonality in Decisions
Authority based on position
The process which children and adults learn from each other
Socialization
Family as an agent of socialization
Family forces children to socialize with people. All teach a child what they need to know.
Peer groups as an agent of socialization
Groups made up of people who are similar in age, social status, and interests.
Peer group socialization begins in the early years such as when kids play in a playground.
Schools as an agent of socialization
School rituals, led by teachers who serve as role models and leaders reinforce what society expects of children
Workplace as an agent of change
Workers require socialization on terms of material culture, such as operating a machine, and nonmaterial culture, sharing a fridge or manners when speaking to a boss.
Religion as an agent of change
Kinda obvi ngl like hellaur
Government as an agent of socialization
Enacts laws which uphold social norms and values. Also provides institutions and services to support citizens
Mass media as an agent of socialization
Lowkey obvi too like girl…
