Theory Of Personality 1 Flashcards
The latin mask worn by roman actors to project a specific role or appearance
Persona
What is a personality?
A pattern of traits and unique characteristics that give consistency and individuality to a person
The difference between traits and characteristics
Traits are distinguished qualities of a person shared by a group, characteristic is a distinguished feature unique to an individual
What is a theory
A set of related assumptions that allow scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses
Why does the ability to generate research make a theory useful
It creates research (common sense ra ni hellaur)
What aspect of usefulness of a theory determine the ability of a research to be true or false
Falsifiable
What aspect of theory usefulness determine the capability of integrating what is currently known to gain and arrange information
Organizes Data
Why does the ability to guide action make a theory useful
It should able to guide the actions of an individual towards better results/ fix day-to-day problem
In theory usefulness what is internal consistency or being internally consistent
Components are logically compatible, it has a scope, limitations, (it makes sense and is consistent)
What is parsimoniousness
Simplicity and straightforwardness
Focuses on the importance of early childhood experience in shaping personality and sees the unconscious mind and motives more powerful than the conscious and aware
Psychodynamic
The search for meaning through experiences. Experiences are part of the human condition and can foster psychological growth
Humanistic/Existential
Unique and long term tendencies to behave in specific ways are essence of our personality
Dispositional
Behaviour, feelings, personality are influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and neurological systems
Biological/Evolutionary (stem stuff basically)
Behaviours are learned through association and/or reinforcement or punishment
Learning/Social Cognitive
Well known psychologist known for his iceberg model of the mind
Sigmund Freud
What did the iceberg model of the mind propose
That the tip of the iceberg is the conscious level of the mind but there are move levels and provinces below the iceberg
What is considered the surface level of the mind or the tip of the iceberg (Sigmund Freud’s iceberg model) also characterized by awareness
The conscious
What is the preconscious
Unconscious thoughts that can enter the consciousness usually after being disguised/distorted
What is the unconscious
The level of the mind which contains the drives, urges, and instincts that are beyond our awareness but still hold enough gravity to motivate words, feelings, and actions
What are the three provinces of the mind
Id, ego, superego
The province of the mind that acts on pleasure and impulse that responds to basic urges, needs, and desires
Id
Eros
Pleasure gained through erogenous zones (sexual shet)
Thanatos
Destructive instinct, aggression
cluster of defense mechanism which entails humor, sublimation, and suppression
Mature
cluster of defense mechanism which entails projecting, denial, and splitting
Narcissistic
cluster of defense mechanism which entails regressing, somatization, blocking, and introjection
Immature
cluster of defense mechanism which entails passive-aggressiveness, dissociation, rationalizing, acting out, and repression
Anxiety
A child’s unconscious attraction towards the parent of the opposite sex and rivalry towards the same sex parent
Oedipus complex
A woman’s unconscious penis envy with a rivalry with the mother an attraction to the father
Electra complex
Adler’s theory which posits that human behaviour is motivated by social connectedness and a strive for superiority or success
Individual Psychology
The ability of a person to freely shape behaviour and create own personality
Creative power
Memories and impulses inherited from our ancestors which humans are unaware of
Collective unconscious
The theory of human personality which believes that human are motivated by the collective unconscious and occult phenomena (spirits, demons, religion)
Analytical Psychology
The level of the psyche characterized by awareness
Conscious
The level of psyche characterized by repressed memories, desires, trauma which influence behaviour and personality
Personal unconscious
Contents of the collective unconscious which originate through repeated experiences of our ancestors expressed in dreams, fantasies, delusions, and hallucinations
Archetypes
The archetype which is the role a person plays in society to adapt into society
Persona
The archetype which is the opposite of the persona which include negative tendencies, or qualities that we don’t want to acknowledge
Shadow
The archetype which represents the feminine aspects of a male psyche
Anima
The archetype which represents the masculine aspect of the female psyche
Animus
The archetype which is the unification of the conscious and unconscious mind symbolized by a mandala. Characterized by self-realization
Self
The archetype of nurturing love and fertility
Great mother
The archetype of wisdom, experience, and guidance
Wise old man
The archetype representing the ideal personality. Values such as bravery, selflessness. And a pursuit of the greater good.
Hero
A predisposition to act or react in a characterized direction
Attitude
Two types of attitudes
Introversion, and extroversion
Combined with the two attitudes are 4 psychological functions
Thinking, sensing, feeling, and intuition
Why did Jung emphasize the second half of life (after middle age) as a time of self-realization
Individuals various parts of the psyche through age and wisdom rebirth and unify to a whole attaining self-realization
The Psychosocial theory of the stages of development
People advance through different stages of development with differing social crises with each stage
The crisis experienced during infancy
Trust vs. mistrust, is my world safe
The strength and pathology experienced during the infancy level crisis
strength: hope
Pathology: withdrawal
The crisis experienced during early childhood (2 - 3 years of age)
Autonomy vs shame (independence vs self consciousness when doing something wrong)
The strength and pathology gained from the early childhood crisis
strength: will
Pathology: compulsion (a lack of independance and confidence)
The crisis experienced during the play age (3 - 5 yrs old)
Initiative vs guilt (goodness and badness)
The strength and pathology gained from the play age crisis
strength: purpose (taking initiative and confidence)
Pathology: inhibition (hesitation to try new things and over cautiousness)
The crisis experienced during the school age (6 - 11 yrs of age)
Industry vs inferiority (accomplishment n shet)
The strength and pathology gained from the school age crisis
strength: competence (pride in abilities and willingness to take on new challenges)
Pathology: inertia (inferiority complex and inadequacy)
The crisis experienced during adolescence (12 - 18 yrs)
Identity vs role identity
The strength and pathology gained from the crisis in adolescence
strength: fidelity (a stable sense of self)
Pathology: role repudiation (role confusion, lack of direction, negative self esteem, excessive conformity)
The crisis experienced during the young adult (19-40) stage of life
Intimacy vs isolation
The strength and pathology gained from the young adult crisis
strength: love
Pathology: exclusivity (reclusiveness, loneliness, disconnection)
The crisis experienced during adulthood (40-65 yrs)
Generativity vs stagnation
The strength and pathology gained from the young adult crisis
strength: care (contributing to society)
Pathology: rejectivity (lack of positive impact and emptiness)
The crisis experienced during old age (65 and beyond)
Integrity vs despair (have I lived a full life)
The strength and pathology gained from the old age crisis
strength: wisdom (fulfillment)
Pathology: disdain (regret)
The theory which suggests that humans are motivated by self actualization and moving towards it by satisfying needs
Holistic-dynamic theory
The five stages of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in order lowest to highest
Physiological
Safety
Social
Esteem
Self Actualization
In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs lower needs must be fulfilled before moving towards higher needs
Pre-potency
