UCSP Flashcards
A. Individuals in a political community should idly participate in civic duties, such as voting, staying informed on political issues, and constructive dialogue.
B. Furthermore, they should respect the rights and freedoms of others while advocating for justice and the common good.
I (statement A is false and statement B is true)
A. Enculturation is the process through which individuals learn the norms, values and behaviors necessary to function in society, shaping their identity and
interactions with others
B. While, socialization specifically refers to learning and adopting the culture of one’s own group, which deeply influences beliefs, traditions, and worldviews.
S (both statements are false)
A. Norms are core principles and beliefs that guide an individual’s behavior, decisions, and sense of right and wrong, shaping personal identity and moral development.
B. In addition, they influence how people interact with others, fostering respect, empathy, and cooperation within relationships and communities.
S (both statements are false)
A. Values are shared expectations and rules that guide behavior within a group or society, helping individuals understand what is acceptable and appropriate.
B. Moreover, they shape one’s self-development by influencing attitudes, habits, and social roles, fostering conformity and social cohesion
S (both statements are false)
A. Agents of socialization are the individuals, groups, and institutions that influence an individual’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
B. Thus, the key agents include family, peers, schools, and media
E (both statements are true)
A. Internalization occurs when an individual accepts influence because he hopes to achieve a favorable reaction from another person or group.
B. Compliance, on the other hand, occurs when an individual accepts influence because he hopes to achieve a favorable reaction from another person or group.
I (statement A is false and statement B is true)
A.Deviance is simply defined as doing things that go against what is normally expected or accepted in society.
B. Moreover, it includes behaviors, actions, or traits that stand out from the usual rules or standards
E (both statements are true)
A. Nurture theories suggest that deviant behavior has innate or natural causes.
B. In contrast, nature theories argue that deviance results or is influenced by environmental factors.
S (both statements are false)
A. Society is organized through groups which can be categorized as primary, secondary and tertiary.
B. On the other hand, groups are formed by two or more individuals, interacting and identifying with each other, because of some similar characteristics or shared interests.
I (statement A is false and statement B is true)
A. A family is a group of individuals connected by blood, marriage, strong
emotional bonds, who support and care for one another.
B. Moreover, it serves as the disbandment unit of society, providing love, security,
and guidance.
P (statement A is true and statement B is false)
A. Transnational family, also known as a blended family.
B. Furthermore transnational families are those with members living across diferent countries, maintaining connections despite geographical distance.
I (statement A is false and statement B is true)
A. Marriage tie refers to relationships by blood, meaning individuals are connected through common ancestry
B. On the other hand, consanguinity is established through the union of two individuals and extend kinship beyond biological connections.
S (both statements are false)
A. Individuals learn culture through socialization, which occurs in various setings such as family, schools, and communities.
B. Moreover, they absorb values, norms, language, and behaviors by ignoring and shunning with the others in these environments.
P (statement A is true and statement B is false)
A. In matrilineal kinship systems, lineage and inheritance are traced through the mother’s side of the family.
B. While in patrilineal kinship systems, lineage and inheritance are traced through the father’s side of the family
E (both statements are true)
A. Baptism play a crucial role in establishing and reinforcing kinship ties in Filipino culture.
B. Moreover, during a baptism, godparents are chosen, who become part of the child’s extended family network.
E (both statements are true)
A. Power refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in society based on various factors such as wealth, income, education, occupation, and social status
B. Thus, it leads to the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities. influencing people’s life chances and social mobility.
S (both statements are false)
A. Social stratification is typically measured through one’s influence and clout in the political process.
B, Furthermore, is the ability to influence or control the behavior of others, often through authority, resources, or force
S (both statements are false)
A. Prestige is usualy measured in terms of ownership of land/real estate and accumulation of money, precious metals, and even luxurious items and company stocks/shares
B. While, wealth is understood as control (or even monopoly) over valuable and/or scarce resources.
I (statement A is false and statement B is true)
A. The gap between those who have much power, wealth, and prestige and those that do not have these constitutes what we label as social equality.
B. Therefore, social equity refers to the unequal distribution of resources,
opportunities, and privileges among different social groups based on
characteristics such as race, gender, income, or education
S (both statements are false)
A Social mobility is the ability to rise in rank or improve one’s social status by gaining power, wealth, and prestige is possible.
B. Thus, social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups within a society’s hierarchy, typically in terms of economic status, education, or occupation.
E (both statements are true)
A. The poor can get rich is an example downward mobility.
B. Hence, downward mobility refers to the ability of individuals or groups to improve their social, economic, or educational status compared to their previous position.
S (both statements are false)
A. One who’s born into a rich, powerful, and prestigious family can also fall from his/her original social status is an example of upward mobility
B. Thus, upward mobility refers to a decline in an individual’s or group’s socioeconomic status, often measured by income, education, occupation, or overall quality of life.
S (both statements are false)
A. Horizontal mobility occurs when a minor change in circumstances does not impact a person’s social standing.
B. For instance, if an employee moves from one company to another while maintaining a similar rank and salary, their social status remains unchanged.
E (both statements are true)
A. Social stratification systems are deemed open or class-based when they allow for greater mobility.
B. In contrast, systems are deemed closed or caste- based if t they assign individuals their social status at birth and provide little to no opportunity for upward mobility.
E (both statements are true)
A. Proponents of Structural-Functionalist Theory claim that stratification and equality serve a necessary function by acting as incentives for individuals to exert more effort. Those at the top of the social hierarchy receive greater status and privileges
B. As a result, power, wealth, and prestige are viewed as rewards for those who strive to attain them through hard work.
I (statement A is false and statement B is true)
A. The social conflict perspective sees stratification as detrimental, leading competition and conflict among different social classes
B. Moreover, when equalities become excessively pronounced, this conflict can result in rebellion or revolution
P (statement A is true and statement B is false)
A. Global warming and climate change represent some of the most urgent issues confronting our planet today.
B. Furthermore, the rise in greenhouse gas emissions is causing the earth’s temperature to increase, resulting in serious effects like melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and more frequent extreme weather events.
E (both statements are true)
A. deforestation refers to the release of gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, into the atmosphere, which trap heat and contribute to global warming
B. Greenhouse gas emission, on the other hand, is the process of clearing or thinning forests, which not only releases stored carbon dioxide when trees are cut down but also reduces the planet’s capacity to absorb future emissions.
S (both statements are false)
A. Degrowth offers an alternative perspective on sustainable development by prioritizing the well-being of people and the planet over profit and consumerism
B. Moreover, it stresses the importance of reducing excessive desires and focusing on meeting essential human needs, promoting a simpler lifestyle instead of one centered on luxury
E (both statements are true)
A. Technology transfer is the process of sharing or disseminating technology, knowledge, or innovations from one organization, institution, or country to
another.
B. Moreover, it often involves the commercialization of research and development results to promote economic growth and technological advancement.
E (both statements are true)
it is a social structure that allows for more flexibility and mobility between social classes, enabling individuals to move up or down based on factors such as education, income, and personal achievement.
open class system
it s a social hierarchy where individuals are born into a specific social class or caste, with limited opportunities for mobility or change in status throughout their lives.
closed or caste-based system
It refers to the ability to influence or control the behavior of people and
institutions, often through authority or coercion.
power
it is the accumulation of valuable resources or assets, such as money, property, or investments, that can provide financial security and opportunities.
wealth
it is the respect and admiration that a person or group receives from others, often based on their achievements, social status, or reputation.
prestige
Itis the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in a society based on factors such as wealth, power, prestige, or social status.
social stratification
It refers to a group of people within a society who share similar socio-economic status, often defined by factors such as income, education, and occupation.
class
it is a measure of an individual’s or family’s economic and social position
relative to others, often based on income, education, and occupation.
socio-economic status (SES)
It refers to the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities , and privileges among individuals or groups within a society, often based on factors like wealth, race, gender, and education.
social inequality
It refers to the networks, relationships, and norms that facilitate cooperation and enable individuals and groups to work together effectively in a community or society
social capital
lt is an economic and social movement advocating for the reduction of production and consumption to promote ecologicals sustainabilily social equity, and overall well-being, challenging the notion that perpetual economic growth is necessary for progress.
degrowth
It is a strategy implemented by some countries, particularly the Philippines, to send workers abroad to seek employment opportunities, thereby addressing domestic unemployment and generating remittances to support the national economy.
Labor Export Policy
refers to Filipino citizens who work abroad to support their families back
home.
Overseas Filipino Workers
it is the emigration of highly skilled or educated individuals from one country to another, often resulting in a shortage of talent in the country of origin.
Brain Drain
It is the process of creating and implementing new ideas, products, or methods that improve efficiency, effectiveness, or value.
innovation
It refers to the development of entirely new concepts, products, or technologies that did not previously exist.
primary innovation
it involves making gradual improvements or modifications to existing products or processes to enhance their performance or value.
incremental innovation
refers to significant alterations in the structures, processes, policies, or power dynamics of a political system, often resulting from shifts in public opinion, leadership, or social movements.
political change
involves the transformation of a society’s beliefs, values, practices, and social norms over time, often influenced by factors such as technological advancements, globalization, or intercultural interactions.
cultural change
it is the transformation of cultural, economic, political, and social institutions and relationships over time, leading to shifts in societal norms, values, and
behaviors.
social change
it is known as the fundamental social unit in all societies.
family
it helps individuals acquire knowledge, values, and skills so they can contribute effectively to society
education system
it has a significant impact on shaping their identity as they try to establish who they are
peer group
plays a role in influencing socialization by continuously shaping and reshaping the norms and values of society
mass media
is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms, politics or being like-minded.
conformity
it takes place when one individual does not comply with a certain set of rules and laws
social ostracism
suggests that deviance occurs when people are unable to achieve their goals by following society’s set rules or norms
Theory of Anomie
It occurs when an individual accepts influence because he hopes to achieve a favorable reaction from another person or group
compliance
it involves reverence, respect and protection towards each person, as a free being with unique history. Human dignity is therefor not relative to social status, nor to physical or intellectual performance
human dignity
refers to those facilities—whether material, cultural or institutional—that the members of a community provide to all members in order to fulfill a relational obligation they all have to care for certain interests that they have in common.
common good
refers to those built on the bases of intimate and personal relationships that allow them to thrive and tend to last, through cooperation and close association.
primary groups
is a group of people who have occasional interactions and who engage in similar or related tasks while remaining unknown, unfamiliar, or only slightly familiar with each other.
social network
refers to the social bonds formed through ancestry, marriage, or adoption, creating a network of relationships that define roles, responsibilities, andobligations within a group
kinship
is the smallest form of human social organization.
bands
composes of several bands that share a common language, culture, and territory
tribe
characterizes by centralized political system with chief who holds power and authority over defined territory.
chiefdom
it is responsible for enforcing laws and administering public policy, typically led by the president or prime minister.
executive branch
it intereprets laws and ensures justice by resloving disputes and determining the constitutionality of legislation
judiciary
it is tasked with making laws, debating policies, and representing interests if the public through elected representatives
legislative branch
based on long-established customs and practices
traditional authority
