UCSP Flashcards
A. Individuals in a political community should idly participate in civic duties, such as voting, staying informed on political issues, and constructive dialogue.
B. Furthermore, they should respect the rights and freedoms of others while advocating for justice and the common good.
I (statement A is false and statement B is true)
A. Enculturation is the process through which individuals learn the norms, values and behaviors necessary to function in society, shaping their identity and
interactions with others
B. While, socialization specifically refers to learning and adopting the culture of one’s own group, which deeply influences beliefs, traditions, and worldviews.
S (both statements are false)
A. Norms are core principles and beliefs that guide an individual’s behavior, decisions, and sense of right and wrong, shaping personal identity and moral development.
B. In addition, they influence how people interact with others, fostering respect, empathy, and cooperation within relationships and communities.
S (both statements are false)
A. Values are shared expectations and rules that guide behavior within a group or society, helping individuals understand what is acceptable and appropriate.
B. Moreover, they shape one’s self-development by influencing attitudes, habits, and social roles, fostering conformity and social cohesion
S (both statements are false)
A. Agents of socialization are the individuals, groups, and institutions that influence an individual’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
B. Thus, the key agents include family, peers, schools, and media
E (both statements are true)
A. Internalization occurs when an individual accepts influence because he hopes to achieve a favorable reaction from another person or group.
B. Compliance, on the other hand, occurs when an individual accepts influence because he hopes to achieve a favorable reaction from another person or group.
I (statement A is false and statement B is true)
A.Deviance is simply defined as doing things that go against what is normally expected or accepted in society.
B. Moreover, it includes behaviors, actions, or traits that stand out from the usual rules or standards
E (both statements are true)
A. Nurture theories suggest that deviant behavior has innate or natural causes.
B. In contrast, nature theories argue that deviance results or is influenced by environmental factors.
S (both statements are false)
A. Society is organized through groups which can be categorized as primary, secondary and tertiary.
B. On the other hand, groups are formed by two or more individuals, interacting and identifying with each other, because of some similar characteristics or shared interests.
I (statement A is false and statement B is true)
A. A family is a group of individuals connected by blood, marriage, strong
emotional bonds, who support and care for one another.
B. Moreover, it serves as the disbandment unit of society, providing love, security,
and guidance.
P (statement A is true and statement B is false)
A. Transnational family, also known as a blended family.
B. Furthermore transnational families are those with members living across diferent countries, maintaining connections despite geographical distance.
I (statement A is false and statement B is true)
A. Marriage tie refers to relationships by blood, meaning individuals are connected through common ancestry
B. On the other hand, consanguinity is established through the union of two individuals and extend kinship beyond biological connections.
S (both statements are false)
A. Individuals learn culture through socialization, which occurs in various setings such as family, schools, and communities.
B. Moreover, they absorb values, norms, language, and behaviors by ignoring and shunning with the others in these environments.
P (statement A is true and statement B is false)
A. In matrilineal kinship systems, lineage and inheritance are traced through the mother’s side of the family.
B. While in patrilineal kinship systems, lineage and inheritance are traced through the father’s side of the family
E (both statements are true)
A. Baptism play a crucial role in establishing and reinforcing kinship ties in Filipino culture.
B. Moreover, during a baptism, godparents are chosen, who become part of the child’s extended family network.
E (both statements are true)
A. Power refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in society based on various factors such as wealth, income, education, occupation, and social status
B. Thus, it leads to the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities. influencing people’s life chances and social mobility.
S (both statements are false)
A. Social stratification is typically measured through one’s influence and clout in the political process.
B, Furthermore, is the ability to influence or control the behavior of others, often through authority, resources, or force
S (both statements are false)
A. Prestige is usualy measured in terms of ownership of land/real estate and accumulation of money, precious metals, and even luxurious items and company stocks/shares
B. While, wealth is understood as control (or even monopoly) over valuable and/or scarce resources.
I (statement A is false and statement B is true)
A. The gap between those who have much power, wealth, and prestige and those that do not have these constitutes what we label as social equality.
B. Therefore, social equity refers to the unequal distribution of resources,
opportunities, and privileges among different social groups based on
characteristics such as race, gender, income, or education
S (both statements are false)
A Social mobility is the ability to rise in rank or improve one’s social status by gaining power, wealth, and prestige is possible.
B. Thus, social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups within a society’s hierarchy, typically in terms of economic status, education, or occupation.
E (both statements are true)
A. The poor can get rich is an example downward mobility.
B. Hence, downward mobility refers to the ability of individuals or groups to improve their social, economic, or educational status compared to their previous position.
S (both statements are false)
A. One who’s born into a rich, powerful, and prestigious family can also fall from his/her original social status is an example of upward mobility
B. Thus, upward mobility refers to a decline in an individual’s or group’s socioeconomic status, often measured by income, education, occupation, or overall quality of life.
S (both statements are false)
A. Horizontal mobility occurs when a minor change in circumstances does not impact a person’s social standing.
B. For instance, if an employee moves from one company to another while maintaining a similar rank and salary, their social status remains unchanged.
E (both statements are true)
A. Social stratification systems are deemed open or class-based when they allow for greater mobility.
B. In contrast, systems are deemed closed or caste- based if t they assign individuals their social status at birth and provide little to no opportunity for upward mobility.
E (both statements are true)
A. Proponents of Structural-Functionalist Theory claim that stratification and equality serve a necessary function by acting as incentives for individuals to exert more effort. Those at the top of the social hierarchy receive greater status and privileges
B. As a result, power, wealth, and prestige are viewed as rewards for those who strive to attain them through hard work.
I (statement A is false and statement B is true)
A. The social conflict perspective sees stratification as detrimental, leading competition and conflict among different social classes
B. Moreover, when equalities become excessively pronounced, this conflict can result in rebellion or revolution
P (statement A is true and statement B is false)
A. Global warming and climate change represent some of the most urgent issues confronting our planet today.
B. Furthermore, the rise in greenhouse gas emissions is causing the earth’s temperature to increase, resulting in serious effects like melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and more frequent extreme weather events.
E (both statements are true)
A. deforestation refers to the release of gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, into the atmosphere, which trap heat and contribute to global warming
B. Greenhouse gas emission, on the other hand, is the process of clearing or thinning forests, which not only releases stored carbon dioxide when trees are cut down but also reduces the planet’s capacity to absorb future emissions.
S (both statements are false)
