ucsp Flashcards
A group of people occupying a definite territory, that is free from external control and is acting on the power of the government.
State
the state is a natural and inevitable outcome of human social development.
natural theory
the state is a result of conquest and domination by a powerful group over a weaker one.
force theory
The state is ordained by God or gods and the rulers have divine sanction.
divine theory
The state is a voluntary agreement among individuals who give up some of their rights and freedoms in exchange for protection and order
social contract theory
According to this theory, the state is not a man-made or artificial institution, but a natural growth that emerged from the needs and instincts of human beings.
natural theory
The theory holds that the state is a result of the control of the stronger on the weaker, and that might make it right. The theory is used to justify the state as a sovereign power that is antagonistic to individual liberty.
force theory
It is the oldest theory among the theories regarding the origin of the state. the state is not a human-made institution but a divine institution that represents God’s will.
divine theory
According to this theory, people originally lived in a state of nature, without any government or law. They decided to set up a state utilizing a contract, either between the king and his subjects or representatives or among the individual people.
social contract theory
Understand the development of political evolution from egalitarian authority to a more complicated political system.
evolution of political systems
group dynamic that shares equal authority towards each other
egalitarian
with grandmother, uncles, auntie, cousins. secondary blood related family.
extended family
center of society. first point of contact between new born citizens and political systems. refers to the basic social institution and primary group in the society.
family
(conjugal family) parents and children
nuclear family
basis of residence: near the woman’s family. mother side.
matrilocal family
basis of residence: the family lives near the father.
patrilocal family
BASIS OF DESCENT: uses father’s line as a way to define naming practices and inheritance of property, privileges, titles, and social position. children and wives take the father’s surname.
patrilineal family
BASIS OF DESCENT: traced through the female line. from mother to daughters
matrilineal family
types of relationship: an individual has only one partner. most common and widely accepted. partners are committed exclusively to each other.
monogamy
types of relationship: marrying more than one partner.
polygamy
man has multiple wives.
historically common in some cultures.
polygyny
woman has multiple husbands. rarely and only in certain cultures: Tibet and Nepal
polyandry
“common blood” latin
blood relatives with their mates and children. extended family but one side only (either mother or father side). wider/second relations
consanguine family
type of extended family. nuclear family. first relation
conjugal family
non-corporate group common descent from common ancestor.
membership assigned by birth.
clan
nomadic association group connected with family ties. politically independent
bands
group that shares common beliefs, religion, practices. differs from each other (each tribe have their own practices). egalitarian. leadership is hereditary
tribes
sociopolitical organization where a single person/a group in charge of political economic power. chief = divine king with the group. rankings in hierarchy depends on the level of the relationship with the chief. hereditary
chiefdom
development of an individual’s distinct personality by which he/she is recognized or known. The point where individuals come to understand and define who they are. Complex lifelong process
identity formation
plays a significant role in shaping our identity. Relationships we have contribute to our understanding of ourselves
personal experiences
the groups we belong to interact with others, we learn different ways of being and thinking. We begin to incorporate these perspectives into our own identity.
social interactions
Values, beliefs, and expectations of our culture provide a framework for understanding ourselves. Can be positive or negative, can have a powerful impact on our sense of self.
cultural norms
3 variety of factors
personal experiences, social interactions, and cultural norms
2 types of relationship
monogamy and polygamy
6 blood relationship
consanguine family, conjugal family, clan, bands, tribes, chiefdom
2 kinds of family
extended family and nuclear family
3 basis of residence
matrilocal family, patrilocal family, and neolocal family
married couple decided to move away from their families
neolocal family
2 basis of descent
patrilineal family and matrilineal family
4 theory
natural theory, force theory, divine theory, and social contract theory
3 developmental stages of self
imitation, playstage, and gamestage
infants begin to imitate the actions and behaviors of others. They learn to distinguish between themselves and others but lack a clear sense of self.
imitation
children engage in pretend play. Taking on the roles of others and incorporating the perspective of multiple people into their behavior.
playstage
children participate in organized games with rules and multiple players. They learn to coordinate their actions with others.
gamestage
shared rules and expectations guiding behavior in a society.
norms
specific rules dictating how people should act in a particular situation.
social norms
4 types of norms
folkways, mores, taboos, and law
norms related to everyday social behavior. Followed out of custom, tradition, or routine. Less strictly enforced and violations typically met with mild social disapproval. Weak kind of norm that facilitates smooth and predictable social interactions. (E.g. covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze, dressing appropriately at work, wearing a school uniform, raising your hand to speak.)
folkways
norms that are widely observed with great moral significance in the society. Critical for proper functioning. Violations are met with serious societal disapproval or sanctions. Dictates ethical and moral standards in social behavior. (E.g. Lying, Cheating, Causing harm, Alcohol use, Drug use)
mores
behavior profoundly offensive by a society. Societal penalties often back prohibitions. Can lead to severe consequence. (e.g. abortion, addiction, cannibalism, adultery, murder)
taboos
very strong norms , can control people’s behavior explicitly. Punishment depends on the level of the norm that has been violated.
laws
beliefs that we have about what is important to us and society. General idea that supports the norm (ex: steal) Belief about what something should be. (E.g honesty, respect, kindness, responsibility.)
Serves as a guide to behavior and decisions.
values
conform, follow, comply, adhere
conformity
going against, defy, oppose rebel. Deviant behavior is more likely to turn to crime and misconduct as a means to achieve economic success or any goal.
deviance
they follow fixed and established goals the society set. Law abiding
conformists
follow the rules but doesn’t believe in established goals and its purpose.
ritualist
accept the cultural goals of society but reject the conventional methods of attaining those. disregard conservative means that are usually used in attaining goals.
not the traditional ways in a certain field. E.g. criminals ( believes in the goals of the society but his means are not the accepted conventional method as he uses deviant behavior like robbing, kidnapping for ransom, hacking, to achieve wealth or to survive)
innovators
rejects the cultural goals and institutionalized culture. Their actions are simply avoidance of the goals and means of the society. E.g. homeless people, alcoholics and hermits. Nonconformity behavior causes strain not only to themselves but also to the general members of the society because they can cause both concern and fear.
retreatist
reject goals and cultures. Established their own goals that benefit only a few including themselves as the primary recipients.
rebels
