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ucsp Flashcards

1
Q

A group of people occupying a definite territory, that is free from external control and is acting on the power of the government.

A

State

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2
Q

the state is a natural and inevitable outcome of human social development.

A

natural theory

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3
Q

the state is a result of conquest and domination by a powerful group over a weaker one.

A

force theory

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4
Q

The state is ordained by God or gods and the rulers have divine sanction.

A

divine theory

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5
Q

The state is a voluntary agreement among individuals who give up some of their rights and freedoms in exchange for protection and order

A

social contract theory

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6
Q

According to this theory, the state is not a man-made or artificial institution, but a natural growth that emerged from the needs and instincts of human beings.

A

natural theory

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7
Q

The theory holds that the state is a result of the control of the stronger on the weaker, and that might make it right. The theory is used to justify the state as a sovereign power that is antagonistic to individual liberty.

A

force theory

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8
Q

It is the oldest theory among the theories regarding the origin of the state. the state is not a human-made institution but a divine institution that represents God’s will.

A

divine theory

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9
Q

According to this theory, people originally lived in a state of nature, without any government or law. They decided to set up a state utilizing a contract, either between the king and his subjects or representatives or among the individual people.

A

social contract theory

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10
Q

Understand the development of political evolution from egalitarian authority to a more complicated political system.

A

evolution of political systems

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11
Q

group dynamic that shares equal authority towards each other

A

egalitarian

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12
Q

with grandmother, uncles, auntie, cousins. secondary blood related family.

A

extended family

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12
Q

center of society. first point of contact between new born citizens and political systems. refers to the basic social institution and primary group in the society.

A

family

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13
Q

(conjugal family) parents and children

A

nuclear family

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14
Q

basis of residence: near the woman’s family. mother side.

A

matrilocal family

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15
Q

basis of residence: the family lives near the father.

A

patrilocal family

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16
Q

BASIS OF DESCENT: uses father’s line as a way to define naming practices and inheritance of property, privileges, titles, and social position. children and wives take the father’s surname.

A

patrilineal family

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17
Q

BASIS OF DESCENT: traced through the female line. from mother to daughters

A

matrilineal family

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18
Q

types of relationship: an individual has only one partner. most common and widely accepted. partners are committed exclusively to each other.

A

monogamy

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19
Q

types of relationship: marrying more than one partner.

A

polygamy

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20
Q

man has multiple wives.
historically common in some cultures.

A

polygyny

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21
Q

woman has multiple husbands. rarely and only in certain cultures: Tibet and Nepal

A

polyandry

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22
Q

“common blood” latin
blood relatives with their mates and children. extended family but one side only (either mother or father side). wider/second relations

A

consanguine family

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23
Q

type of extended family. nuclear family. first relation

A

conjugal family

24
Q

non-corporate group common descent from common ancestor.
membership assigned by birth.

A

clan

25
Q

nomadic association group connected with family ties. politically independent

A

bands

26
Q

group that shares common beliefs, religion, practices. differs from each other (each tribe have their own practices). egalitarian. leadership is hereditary

A

tribes

27
Q

sociopolitical organization where a single person/a group in charge of political economic power. chief = divine king with the group. rankings in hierarchy depends on the level of the relationship with the chief. hereditary

A

chiefdom

28
Q

development of an individual’s distinct personality by which he/she is recognized or known. The point where individuals come to understand and define who they are. Complex lifelong process

A

identity formation

29
Q

plays a significant role in shaping our identity. Relationships we have contribute to our understanding of ourselves

A

personal experiences

30
Q

the groups we belong to interact with others, we learn different ways of being and thinking. We begin to incorporate these perspectives into our own identity.

A

social interactions

31
Q

Values, beliefs, and expectations of our culture provide a framework for understanding ourselves. Can be positive or negative, can have a powerful impact on our sense of self.

A

cultural norms

32
Q

3 variety of factors

A

personal experiences, social interactions, and cultural norms

33
Q

2 types of relationship

A

monogamy and polygamy

34
Q

6 blood relationship

A

consanguine family, conjugal family, clan, bands, tribes, chiefdom

35
Q

2 kinds of family

A

extended family and nuclear family

36
Q

3 basis of residence

A

matrilocal family, patrilocal family, and neolocal family

37
Q

married couple decided to move away from their families

A

neolocal family

38
Q

2 basis of descent

A

patrilineal family and matrilineal family

39
Q

4 theory

A

natural theory, force theory, divine theory, and social contract theory

40
Q

3 developmental stages of self

A

imitation, playstage, and gamestage

41
Q

infants begin to imitate the actions and behaviors of others. They learn to distinguish between themselves and others but lack a clear sense of self.

A

imitation

42
Q

children engage in pretend play. Taking on the roles of others and incorporating the perspective of multiple people into their behavior.

A

playstage

43
Q

children participate in organized games with rules and multiple players. They learn to coordinate their actions with others.

A

gamestage

44
Q

shared rules and expectations guiding behavior in a society.

A

norms

45
Q

specific rules dictating how people should act in a particular situation.

A

social norms

46
Q

4 types of norms

A

folkways, mores, taboos, and law

47
Q

norms related to everyday social behavior. Followed out of custom, tradition, or routine. Less strictly enforced and violations typically met with mild social disapproval. Weak kind of norm that facilitates smooth and predictable social interactions. (E.g. covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze, dressing appropriately at work, wearing a school uniform, raising your hand to speak.)

A

folkways

48
Q

norms that are widely observed with great moral significance in the society. Critical for proper functioning. Violations are met with serious societal disapproval or sanctions. Dictates ethical and moral standards in social behavior. (E.g. Lying, Cheating, Causing harm, Alcohol use, Drug use)

A

mores

49
Q

behavior profoundly offensive by a society. Societal penalties often back prohibitions. Can lead to severe consequence. (e.g. abortion, addiction, cannibalism, adultery, murder)

A

taboos

50
Q

very strong norms , can control people’s behavior explicitly. Punishment depends on the level of the norm that has been violated.

A

laws

51
Q

beliefs that we have about what is important to us and society. General idea that supports the norm (ex: steal) Belief about what something should be. (E.g honesty, respect, kindness, responsibility.)
Serves as a guide to behavior and decisions.

A

values

52
Q

conform, follow, comply, adhere

A

conformity

53
Q

going against, defy, oppose rebel. Deviant behavior is more likely to turn to crime and misconduct as a means to achieve economic success or any goal.

A

deviance

54
Q

they follow fixed and established goals the society set. Law abiding

A

conformists

55
Q

follow the rules but doesn’t believe in established goals and its purpose.

A

ritualist

56
Q

accept the cultural goals of society but reject the conventional methods of attaining those. disregard conservative means that are usually used in attaining goals.
not the traditional ways in a certain field. E.g. criminals ( believes in the goals of the society but his means are not the accepted conventional method as he uses deviant behavior like robbing, kidnapping for ransom, hacking, to achieve wealth or to survive)

A

innovators

57
Q

rejects the cultural goals and institutionalized culture. Their actions are simply avoidance of the goals and means of the society. E.g. homeless people, alcoholics and hermits. Nonconformity behavior causes strain not only to themselves but also to the general members of the society because they can cause both concern and fear.

A

retreatist

58
Q

reject goals and cultures. Established their own goals that benefit only a few including themselves as the primary recipients.

A

rebels

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