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VERTICAL MODULE > [UCL 100 formulary] > Flashcards

[UCL 100 formulary] Flashcards

1
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A

Absorbs by physical binding (drug overdose)

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2
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Restore liver glutathione (paracetamol OD)

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3
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Surfactant laxative - enhances water incorparation (constipation)

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4
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increases gastric pH (GORD)

*sodium anginate + calcium carbonate.

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5
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hyperosmotic laxative (constipation)

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6
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Hyperosmotic laxative (constipation)

Lactulose breakdown by colonic bacteria acidifies lumen. inhibiting NH3 diffusion out of gut and enhances NH3 entry into gut (Portal systemic encephalopathy)

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7
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Iso-osmotic laxative (constipation)

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8
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saline cathartic effect (constipation)

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9
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PPI: binds to H+/K+-exchanging ATPase in gastric parietal cells preventing acid secretion (ulcers/GORD/H.pylori)

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10
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H2 receptors antagonist of gastric parietal cells; inhibits gastric secretions (GORD/ulcers)

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11
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Intestinal irritant and stimulant (constipation/bowel prep)

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12
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ACEi: inhibits ACE, reduced [ATII]. (hypertension/CHF post MI/MI+stroke prevention)

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13
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alpha-adrenergic = ^CO and HR with reduced renal perfusion

beta-1 agonist = bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

(cardiac arrest/asthma/anaphylaxis)

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14
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Class III antiarrhythymic. (ventricular arrhythymias)

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15
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ATII-R antagonists. Reduced vasconstriction/aldosterone (hypertension)

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16
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irreversible COX-i. Reduced TXA2 and PGs. Inhibits platelet aggregation, anti-pyretic, analgesic. (ACS/pain/fever/TIA/RA etc)

nb: other NSAIDs are reversible inhibitors

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17
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Thiazide diuretic. Inhibits Na reabsorption in DCT. (Hypertension)

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18
Q

verapamil

A

inhibits Ca2+ into myocardium/smooth muscel withough affecting [serum]. Prevents contraction of myocardium + dilation of coronary/systemic arteries (hypertension/CAD/angina)

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19
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Inhibitor of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced pathway for platelet aggregation (ACS/CAD/MI+stroke prevention)

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20
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heart failure = inhibits Na/K which increases Ca influx causing increased contractility

SVT = supresses AV node. ^ refractory

(AF/heart failure)

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21
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phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitor increased cAMP. Inhibits platelet aggregation. (Thromboembolism prophylaxis)

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22
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Loop diuretics. inhibit Na/Cl reabsorption. ^ K/Mg/water loss. (hypertension/^k/^Mg/acute oedema)

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23
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Nitrate causing vasodilation (angina)

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24
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Nitrate convert to NO intracellularly –> activating cGMP causing vasodilation (angina)

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25
[formulary]: Prothrombin complex
Factor 10, 9, 7, 2, C and S (Vit K antagonist reversal)
26
[formulary]: Spironolactone
Aldosterone-antagonist. Increased Na,Cl,H20 secretion. retention of K+, H+. (hypertension, oedema, hyperaldosteronism, CHF, hypoK+)
27
[formulary]: Simvastatin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; inhibits the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis (hypercholestraemia)§
28
[formulary]: alfuzosin, doxazocin, tamsulosin
alpha-receptor antagonist, vascular dilation (hypertension
29
[formulary]: atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol
Block beta1-r. Negative chrono/ionotropic effect. (angina/post-MI/SV-arryhthymia/hypertension)
30
[formulary]: ipratropium bromide, tiotropium
short and long acting M3 antimuscarinics --> smooth muscle dilation (COPD/CF)
31
[formulary]: Chlorpheniramine
Histamine H1-receptor antagonist in blood vessels, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract (allergic rhinitis)
32
[formulary]: betamethasone, budesonide
inhaled steroids. (asthma)
33
[formulary]: nicotine replacement therapy
binds to nicotine receptors (smoking cessation)
34
[formulary]: Oxygen
increased PaO2. (hypoxia/ etc..)
35
[formulary]: Salmeterol
Long-acting beta-2 agonist; action on beta-2 receptors relaxes bronchial smooth muscle with little effect on heart rate (asthma)
36
[formulary]: Fluticasone
Corticosteroid (asthma)
37
[formulary]: Seretide
Salmeterol + Fluticasone (asthma)
38
[formulary]: Salbutamol
short B2 agonist. (asthma)
39
[formulary]: quetiapine, olanzapine
Dopamine and serotonin antagonism + others - atypical (?) (schizophrenia/bipolar)
40
[formulary]: chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, temazepam
BZDs: post-synaptic GABA-A transmission modulation, resulting in presynaptic inhibition (anxiety/seizure disorders)
41
[formulary]: Co-codamol
codeine + paracetamol (acetamorphine)
42
[formulary]: Cyclizine
reduced sensitivity of labyrinthine apparatus/ CTZ effects. (motion sickness/anti-emetic)
43
[formulary]: Domperidone, metoclopramide
D2 antagonists at CTZ (Domperidone does not cross BB - parkinsons. Metoclopramide used for N&V)
44
[formulary]: Gabapentin
GABA analogue (partial seizures/neuralgia)
45
[formulary]: co-careldopa, cobeneldopa
Levodopas. pre-cursor to dopamine (parkinsons)
46
[formulary]: Naloxone
Competitive opioid antagonist (opioid reversal/OD)
47
[formulary]: diclofenac, ibuprofen
NSAIDs. Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, thereby inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis (Many)
48
[formulary]: Ondansetron
selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (N&V prophylaxis esp. chemo induced)
49
[formulary]: codeine, dihydrocodeine, fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, tramadol
Mu receptor antagonists (pain)
50
[formulary]: paracetamol
Acts on hypothalamus to produce antipyresis | Peripherally blocks pain impulse generation; inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in CNS (?) (pain)
51
[formulary]: phenytoin
Slows conduction velocity, promotes Na+ efflux or decreases Na+ influx from membranes in motor cortex neurons; stabilizes neuronal membrane (status epilepticus/anticonvulsant)
52
[formulary]: Sodium valproate
increase/mimic GABA (seizures/migraine/bipolar)
53
[formulary]: citalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline
SSRI presynaptic. (depression)
54
[formulary]: amitriptyline, dosulepin
TCAs. Norepinephrine + serotonin RIs (depression).
55
[formulary]: Zopiclone
increases GABA. unknown MOA. (insomnia)
56
[formulary]: cephalexin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone
Cephalosporins. β-lactam antibiotic, less susceptible to lactamase. bacteriocidal. Disrupt peptidoglycan wall. (antibiotic)
57
[formulary]: Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone. inhibits DNA gyrase in susceptible organisms; promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA. (antibiotic)
58
[formulary]: gentamicin
aminoglycoside with pseudomonas activity. (antibiotic)
59
[formulary]: Imipenam
Carbapenam. β-lactam antibiotic, nearly entirely non-susceptible to lactamase.
60
[formulary]: clarithromycin, erythromycin
Macrolide. RNA-dependent protein synthesis to arrest by blocking tRNA dissociation. (antibiotic)
61
[formulary]: Metronidazole
Nitroimidazole class. Disrupts DNA (anaerobic bacterial infection)
62
[formulary]: amphotericin, fluconazole, nystatin
Anti-fungals. Binding to sterols in fungal cell membrane, leading to alterations in cell permeability and cell death (anti-fungal)
63
[formulary]: amoxicillin, coamoxiclav, fluclox., penicillin G & V, piperacillin-tazobactam
Penicillins. Disrupts x-linkage between peptidoglycan chains. (antibiotic)
64
[formulary]: Trimethoprim
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, which in turn inhibits folic acid reduction to tetrahydrofolate, causing inhibition of microorganism growth (UTI/jiroveci)
65
[formulary]: Doxycyline
Tetracycline. binds to 30s block tRNA dissociation. (antibiotic)
66
[formulary]: Vancomycin, teicoplanin
Binds tightly to D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of cell wall precursor blocking cell wall synthesis (antibiotic - MRSA)
67
[formulary]: artesunate, chloroquine, quinine
anti-protozoal. Unclear. (Malaria)
68
[formulary]: dexamethasone, hydrocortisone - including topical, prednisolone
Corticosteroids. (many)
69
[formulary]: Gliclazide
Sulfonylurea. Ca2+ influx causing insulin vesicle release. (oral anti-diabetic)
70
[formulary]: insulin
beta pancreatic cells. (diabetes/hyperkalaemia)
71
[formulary]: Levothyroxine
Synthetic T4. (hypothyroidism)
72
[formulary]: metformin
Decreases hepatic glucose production; decreases GI glucose absorption; increases target cell insulin sensitivity (DM)
73
[formulary]: Carbimazole
Pro-drug to methimazole. Inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormone by blocking oxidation of iodine in thyroid gland; blocks synthesis of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) (hyperthyroidism)
74
[formulary]: combined pill
oestradiol + progestin (contraception)
75
[formulary]: Methotrexate
Inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase; inhibits purine and thymidylic acid synthesis, which in turn interferes with DNA in S phase. (DMARDs/other)
76
[formulary]: Gelofusine, volplex
colloids
77
[formulary]: Ferrous sulphate
replaces iron (IDA)
78
[formulary]: tinzaparin, enoxaparin
LMWH. Binds and accelerates AT III, increasing inhibition of Xa and II. Xa is responsible for prothrombin-->thrombin (anticoagulant)
79
[formulary]: Potassium salts e.g. Sando-K
replaces K (hypokalaemia)
80
[formulary]: Warfarin
Interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as proteins C and S (anticoagulation)
81
[formulary]: Allopurinol
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor; inhibits conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid; decreases production of uric acid without disrupting synthesis of vital purines (gout)
82
[formulary]: Bisphosphonates
Bisphosphonates, when attached to bone tissue, are "ingested" by osteoclasts and kill them. (osteoporosis)
83
[formulary]: Vit D
Stimulates calcium and phosphate absorption from small intestine; stimulates phosphate resorption at renal tubule; stimulates secretion of calcium into blood from bone (osteoporosis)
84
[formulary]: Atropine
Antimuscarinic; inhibits action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, CNS, and secretory glands (spastic GI tract, eye drops)
85
[formulary]: Lidocaine
Class 1B antidysrhythmic; combines with fast Na channels and thereby inhibits recovery after repolarization (ventricular arrhythmia/anaesthesia)
86
[formulary]: Flumazenil
Competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist (reversal of sedation/BZD OD)
87
[formulary]: Halothane e.g. isoflurane
inhalation GA. Activates GABA-a, NMDA antagonist. (GA) *severe side effect of hepatotoxicity-->hepatitis*
88
[formulary]: Propofol
CNS depression via GABAa receptors (GA) *SE = resp acidosis, cardiac, hypotension *
89
[formulary]: Suxamethonium
acetylcholine agonist. (short term muscle relaxant - GA)

VERTICAL MODULE (10 decks)

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