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VERTICAL MODULE > [UCL 100 formulary] > Flashcards

[UCL 100 formulary] Flashcards

1
Q
A

Absorbs by physical binding (drug overdose)

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2
Q
A

Restore liver glutathione (paracetamol OD)

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3
Q
A

Surfactant laxative - enhances water incorparation (constipation)

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4
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increases gastric pH (GORD)

*sodium anginate + calcium carbonate.

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5
Q
A

hyperosmotic laxative (constipation)

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6
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Hyperosmotic laxative (constipation)

Lactulose breakdown by colonic bacteria acidifies lumen. inhibiting NH3 diffusion out of gut and enhances NH3 entry into gut (Portal systemic encephalopathy)

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7
Q
A

Iso-osmotic laxative (constipation)

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8
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saline cathartic effect (constipation)

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9
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PPI: binds to H+/K+-exchanging ATPase in gastric parietal cells preventing acid secretion (ulcers/GORD/H.pylori)

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10
Q
A

H2 receptors antagonist of gastric parietal cells; inhibits gastric secretions (GORD/ulcers)

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11
Q
A

Intestinal irritant and stimulant (constipation/bowel prep)

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12
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ACEi: inhibits ACE, reduced [ATII]. (hypertension/CHF post MI/MI+stroke prevention)

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13
Q
A

alpha-adrenergic = ^CO and HR with reduced renal perfusion

beta-1 agonist = bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

(cardiac arrest/asthma/anaphylaxis)

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14
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A

Class III antiarrhythymic. (ventricular arrhythymias)

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15
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A

ATII-R antagonists. Reduced vasconstriction/aldosterone (hypertension)

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16
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A

irreversible COX-i. Reduced TXA2 and PGs. Inhibits platelet aggregation, anti-pyretic, analgesic. (ACS/pain/fever/TIA/RA etc)

nb: other NSAIDs are reversible inhibitors

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17
Q
A

Thiazide diuretic. Inhibits Na reabsorption in DCT. (Hypertension)

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18
Q

verapamil

A

inhibits Ca2+ into myocardium/smooth muscel withough affecting [serum]. Prevents contraction of myocardium + dilation of coronary/systemic arteries (hypertension/CAD/angina)

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19
Q
A

Inhibitor of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced pathway for platelet aggregation (ACS/CAD/MI+stroke prevention)

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20
Q
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heart failure = inhibits Na/K which increases Ca influx causing increased contractility

SVT = supresses AV node. ^ refractory

(AF/heart failure)

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21
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A

phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitor increased cAMP. Inhibits platelet aggregation. (Thromboembolism prophylaxis)

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22
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Loop diuretics. inhibit Na/Cl reabsorption. ^ K/Mg/water loss. (hypertension/^k/^Mg/acute oedema)

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23
Q
A

Nitrate causing vasodilation (angina)

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24
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Nitrate convert to NO intracellularly –> activating cGMP causing vasodilation (angina)

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25
Q
A

Factor 10, 9, 7, 2, C and S (Vit K antagonist reversal)

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26
Q
A

Aldosterone-antagonist. Increased Na,Cl,H20 secretion. retention of K+, H+. (hypertension, oedema, hyperaldosteronism, CHF, hypoK+)

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27
Q
A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; inhibits the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis (hypercholestraemia)§

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28
Q
A

alpha-receptor antagonist, vascular dilation (hypertension

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29
Q
A

Block beta1-r. Negative chrono/ionotropic effect. (angina/post-MI/SV-arryhthymia/hypertension)

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30
Q
A

short and long acting M3 antimuscarinics –> smooth muscle dilation (COPD/CF)

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31
Q
A

Histamine H1-receptor antagonist in blood vessels, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract (allergic rhinitis)

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32
Q
A

inhaled steroids. (asthma)

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33
Q
A

binds to nicotine receptors (smoking cessation)

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34
Q
A

increased PaO2. (hypoxia/ etc..)

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35
Q
A

Long-acting beta-2 agonist; action on beta-2 receptors relaxes bronchial smooth muscle with little effect on heart rate (asthma)

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36
Q
A

Corticosteroid (asthma)

37
Q
A

Salmeterol + Fluticasone (asthma)

38
Q
A

short B2 agonist. (asthma)

39
Q
A

Dopamine and serotonin antagonism + others - atypical (?) (schizophrenia/bipolar)

40
Q

diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam,
temazepam

A

BZDs: post-synaptic GABA-A transmission modulation, resulting in presynaptic inhibition (anxiety/seizure disorders)

41
Q
A

codeine + paracetamol (acetamorphine)

42
Q
A

reduced sensitivity of labyrinthine apparatus/ CTZ effects. (motion sickness/anti-emetic)

43
Q
A

D2 antagonists at CTZ (Domperidone does not cross BB - parkinsons. Metoclopramide used for N&V)

44
Q
A

GABA analogue (partial seizures/neuralgia)

45
Q
A

Levodopas. pre-cursor to dopamine (parkinsons)

46
Q
A

Competitive opioid antagonist (opioid reversal/OD)

47
Q
A

NSAIDs. Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, thereby inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis (Many)

48
Q
A

selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (N&V prophylaxis esp. chemo induced)

49
Q

fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone,
tramadol

A

Mu receptor antagonists (pain)

50
Q
A

Acts on hypothalamus to produce antipyresis

Peripherally blocks pain impulse generation; inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in CNS (?) (pain)

51
Q
A

Slows conduction velocity, promotes Na+ efflux or decreases Na+ influx from membranes in motor cortex neurons; stabilizes neuronal membrane

(status epilepticus/anticonvulsant)

52
Q
A

increase/mimic GABA (seizures/migraine/bipolar)

53
Q
A

SSRI presynaptic. (depression)

54
Q
A

TCAs. Norepinephrine + serotonin RIs (depression).

55
Q
A

increases GABA. unknown MOA. (insomnia)

56
Q
A

Cephalosporins. β-lactam antibiotic, less susceptible to lactamase. bacteriocidal. Disrupt peptidoglycan wall. (antibiotic)

57
Q
A

Fluoroquinolone. inhibits DNA gyrase in susceptible organisms; promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA. (antibiotic)

58
Q
A

aminoglycoside with pseudomonas activity. (antibiotic)

59
Q
A

Carbapenam. β-lactam antibiotic, nearly entirely non-susceptible to lactamase.

60
Q
A

Macrolide. RNA-dependent protein synthesis to arrest by blocking tRNA dissociation. (antibiotic)

61
Q
A

Nitroimidazole class. Disrupts DNA (anaerobic bacterial infection)

62
Q
A

Anti-fungals. Binding to sterols in fungal cell membrane, leading to alterations in cell permeability and cell death (anti-fungal)

63
Q

fluclox., penicillin G & V,
piperacillin-tazobactam

A

Penicillins. Disrupts x-linkage between peptidoglycan chains. (antibiotic)

64
Q
A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, which in turn inhibits folic acid reduction to tetrahydrofolate, causing inhibition of microorganism growth
(UTI/jiroveci)

65
Q
A

Tetracycline. binds to 30s block tRNA dissociation. (antibiotic)

66
Q
A

Binds tightly to D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of cell wall precursor blocking cell wall synthesis (antibiotic - MRSA)

67
Q
A

anti-protozoal. Unclear. (Malaria)

68
Q

hydrocortisone - including topical,
prednisolone

A

Corticosteroids. (many)

69
Q
A

Sulfonylurea. Ca2+ influx causing insulin vesicle release. (oral anti-diabetic)

70
Q
A

beta pancreatic cells. (diabetes/hyperkalaemia)

71
Q
A

Synthetic T4. (hypothyroidism)

72
Q
A

Decreases hepatic glucose production; decreases GI glucose absorption; increases target cell insulin sensitivity (DM)

73
Q
A

Pro-drug to methimazole. Inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormone by blocking oxidation of iodine in thyroid gland; blocks synthesis of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) (hyperthyroidism)

74
Q
A

oestradiol + progestin (contraception)

75
Q
A

Inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase; inhibits purine and thymidylic acid synthesis, which in turn interferes with DNA in S phase. (DMARDs/other)

76
Q
77
Q
A

replaces iron (IDA)

78
Q
A

LMWH. Binds and accelerates AT III, increasing inhibition of Xa and II. Xa is responsible for prothrombin–>thrombin (anticoagulant)

79
Q
A

replaces K (hypokalaemia)

80
Q
A

Interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as proteins C and S (anticoagulation)

81
Q
A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor; inhibits conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid; decreases production of uric acid without disrupting synthesis of vital purines (gout)

82
Q
A

Bisphosphonates, when attached to bone tissue, are “ingested” by osteoclasts and kill them. (osteoporosis)

83
Q
A

Stimulates calcium and phosphate absorption from small intestine; stimulates phosphate resorption at renal tubule; stimulates secretion of calcium into blood from bone (osteoporosis)

84
Q
A

Antimuscarinic; inhibits action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, CNS, and secretory glands (spastic GI tract, eye drops)

85
Q
A

Class 1B antidysrhythmic; combines with fast Na channels and thereby inhibits recovery after repolarization (ventricular arrhythmia/anaesthesia)

86
Q
A

Competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist (reversal of sedation/BZD OD)

87
Q
A

inhalation GA. Activates GABA-a, NMDA antagonist. (GA) severe side effect of hepatotoxicity–>hepatitis

88
Q
A

CNS depression via GABAa receptors (GA)

*SE = resp acidosis, cardiac, hypotension *

89
Q
A

acetylcholine agonist. (short term muscle relaxant - GA)

VERTICAL MODULE (10 decks)

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