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A-level Chemistry > UCAS Mock > Flashcards

UCAS Mock Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the volume of one mole of a gas?

A

24dm-3 or 24000cm-1

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2
Q

Calculate gas volume using moles

A

Volume = moles x 24

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3
Q

Avogadros constant

A

6.02 x 10^23

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4
Q

Ideal gas equation

A

pV = nRT

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5
Q

Units for ideal gas equation

A

p = Pa
V = m^3
T = Kelvin

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6
Q

Calculating mean titre things to remember

A
  • only use concordant results (within 0.1cm^3 of each other)
  • don’t include the rough titre
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7
Q

% yield

A

Actual / theoretical

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8
Q

Oxidation number of group1

A

+1

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9
Q

Oxidation number of group 2

A

+2

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10
Q

Oxidation number of group 7 ions

A

-1 if alone but can be variable

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11
Q

Oxidation number of oxygen

A

-2 unless in peroxide

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12
Q

Oxidation number of hydrogen

A

+1 unless in a metal hydride

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13
Q

Oxidation number of fluorine

A

ALWAYS -1

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14
Q

Energy change

A

q = mcΔT (in joules)

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15
Q

Test for carbonate ions

A

Add nitric acid
- if positive test, there’s effervescence as CO2 is produced
- test gas with lime water to confirm

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16
Q

Test for sulfate ions

A

Add aqueous barium chloride
- positive test: white precipitate formed (BaSO4)

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17
Q

Test for halides

A

Add aqueous silver nitrate
- positive test: precipitate formed

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18
Q

How to identify the precipitate formed in halide test

A

White - silver chloride
Cream - silver bromide
Yellow - silver iodide

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19
Q

How to confirm halide tests if colours are difficult to determine

A

Dilute NH3: AgCl is soluble, AgBr and AgI are insoluble
Conc NH3: AgBr is soluble, AgI is insoluble

20
Q

Test for ammonium ions

A

Heat with NaOH(aq)
- positive test, OH- reacts with NH4+ forming NH3(g) which you test with damp indicator paper (alkaline)

21
Q

Group 2 + oxygen

A

Group 2 metal oxide

22
Q

Group 2 + water

A

Group 2 metal hydroxide + hydrogen

23
Q

Group 2 + dilute acid

A

Group 2 metal salt + hydrogen gas

24
Q

Group 2 oxide + water

A

(Group 2 ion)^2+ + 2OH-

25
Q

How are group 2 reducing agents

A

Donate electrons, other species are reduced

26
Q

Trend in group 2 reactivity

A

Increases down group
Atomic radius and electron shielding increase (more shells)
Less attraction between outer electron and nucleus

27
Q

Solubility and PH trend in group 2 hydroxides

A

Increase down group

28
Q

Solubility and PH trend in group 2 sulfates

A

Decreases down group

29
Q

Uses of calcium hydroxide

A

Lime - neutralise acidic fam soil for crops

30
Q

Medical uses of group 2

A
  • indigestion tablets neutralise excess stomach acid (Mg(OH)2 = milk of magnesia and CaCO3)
  • barium meal for x-rays
31
Q

Why are group 7 known as oxidising agents

A

Gain electrons causing other species to be reduced

32
Q

Colour of halogens in water

A

Cl - pale green
Br - orange
I - brown

33
Q

Colour of halogens in cyclohexane

A

Cl - pale green
Br - orange
I - purple/ violet

34
Q

Displacement of halogens

A

Reactivity decreases down group
- chlorine displaces bromine + iodine
- bromine displaces iodine

35
Q

Water purification using chlorine

A

Cl2 + H2O —> HClO + HCl
- HClO acts as a weak bleach that kills bacteria

36
Q

Water purification using chlorine

A

Cl2 + H2O —> HClO + HCl
- HClO acts as a weak bleach that kills bacteria

37
Q

Benefits and risks of using chlorine in the water purification

A

Benefits:
– Cleans water makes it safe to drink
Risks:
– chlorine is a toxic gas, can react with hydrocarbons to form chlorinated hydrocarbons, which are suspected of causing cancer

38
Q

Benefits and risks of using chlorine in the water purification

A

Benefits:
– Cleans water makes it safe to drink
Risks:
– chlorine is a toxic gas, can react with hydrocarbons to form chlorinated hydrocarbons, which are suspected of causing cancer

39
Q

Dissociation of a strong acid

A

irreversible reaction (One way reaction)

40
Q

Dissociation of a weak acid

A

Reversible reaction

41
Q

Acid + alkali

A

Salt + water

42
Q

Metal oxide + acid

A

Salt + water

43
Q

Metal hydroxide + acid

A

Salt + water

44
Q

Metal carbonate + acid

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

45
Q

Neutralisation ionic equation

A

OH-(aq) + H+(aq) —-> H2O(l)

A-level Chemistry (10 decks)

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