UBS1 Flashcards
In the way of which Stream does Britain lie, and where does it bring warm
water and winds from?
It lies in the way of the Gulf Stream, which brings warm water and winds from
the Gulf of Mexico.
Which part of Britain has always had the most political power and for what
reason?
Southeast Britain, agricultural conditions have made it the most populated part of the island thus making it one with the most political power.
After the end of which Age did Britain become an island, and when did that
happen?
After the end of last Ice Age, around 5000 BC.
Who were the first people who made Great Britain their permanent home,
and when did they settle in Britain?
Around 3000 BC, Neolithic (or New Stone Age) people
What are the names for
– 1) burial mounds made of earth or stone in prehistoric times, found on the
chalk uplands of south Britain;
– 2) great circles of earth banks and ditches built after 3000 BC as centres of
religious, political and economic power?
Barrows ; Henges
What is the title and who is the author of the chronicle written in 1136, in
which memories of the construction of Stonehenge were recorded?
Geoffrey of Monmouth’s History of Britain
What are the people who brought a single culture to the whole of Britain
called, and when did they arrive in southeast Britain from Europe, bringing
skills to make bronze tools?
The Beaker people, from after 2400 BC onwards
When was the henge civilisation overtaken by a new form of society in
southern England, that of a settled farming class, and what replaced henges as
the centres of local power?
Around 1300 BC, henges were replaced with hill-forts.
When did the Celts arrive in Britain from Europe, and which Celtic
tribes were the last to arrive from Europe to Britain?
The Celts arrived in Britain from around 700 B.C. onwards, and the
last Celtic tribes to arrive were Belgic tribes.
What is the name of the most powerful Celt who stood up to
the Romans, and in which year did she lead her tribe against the
Romans and nearly drove them from Britain, before she was defeated
and killed?
Her name was Boadicea, and she lead her tribe against the Romans
in 61 AD.
Who brought the skills of reading and writing to Britain?
Name two reasons why the written word was important at that time.
The Romans brought these skills to Britain.
Written word was important for spreading ideas and establishing
power.
In which year did Julius Caesar first come to England, and in
which year did the Romans actually occupy Britain?
Julius Caesar first came to in England in 55 BC, and Britain was
actually occupied by the Romans in 43 AD.
What did the Romans call Scotland, and what is the name of
the wall they built along the northern border to keep out raiders from
Scotland?
The Romans called Scotland Caledonia and the wall that was built
along the border was Hadrian’s wall.
Name the three different kinds of towns in Roman Britain.
1) Coloniae, towns inhabited by Roman settlers
2) Municipia, large cities in which the whole population was given
Roman citizenship
3) Civitas, which Romans used to administer Celtic population in the
countryside.
In which year did the Romans pull the last soldiers out of
Britain, and after which year did the Germanic tribes begin to settle in
Britain?
Rome pulled the last soldiers out of Britain in 409 AD.
Germanic tribes began to settle after 430 AD.
What is the name of the English monk who wrote a book in
which he described the Germanic invasion of Britain, and what is the
title of that book?
Name of the monk was Bede, and the title of the book is
Ecclesiastical History of the English People.
Name three Germanic tribes which invaded Britain in the 5th
century.
Saxons, Angles and Jutes.
Name three of the most powerful early Anglo-Saxon
kingdoms.
Northumbria, Mercia and Wessex.
Who claimed “kingship of the English” in the 8th century?
King Offa of Mercia.
What was the name of the King's Council, created by the
Saxons, and what is the name of that institution today?
The King's Council, called the Witan.
Today, it’s called Privy Council.
What were the administrative areas into which the Saxons
divided the land based on, and what was the name of the king’s local
administrator appointed over each of them?
The administrative areas were based on shires, or counties.
King’s local administrator was shire reeve (
sherrif).
In which century was the class system in Britain laid, and
which four classes was it made up of?
The class system of Britain was laid in the beginning of the 11th
century.
It was made up of four classes: king, lords, soldiers and workers
on the land.
Which two Christian Churches existed in Anglo-Saxon
England?
Roman and Celtic Churches.
In which year did the Synod of Whitby take place, and which
church did the king of Northumbria decide to support at that Synod?
Synod of Whitby took place in 663 AD, and king of Northumbria
decided to support Roman church.
Which king started the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the most
important source for understanding the period of Anglo-Saxon
England, and in which century did he rule?
Alfred, king of Wessex started the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. He ruled
during 9th century.
What was the rule of the Vikings in England called, and what was
the name of the Viking king who controlled much of England in the
11th century?
The rule of the Vikings was called Danelaw.
King who controlled much of England was Cnut, or Canute.
Who were the two claimants who fought for the English throne in
the Battle at Hastings, and in which year did that battle take place?
They were Harrold, of powerful Wessex family Godwinsons, and
Duke William of Normandy.
The Battle of Hastings took place in 1066 AD.
What is the name of the first Welsh high king who was strong
enough to rule over all Wales in 1039?
Gruffydd ap (son of) Llywelyn.
What is the name of Ireland’s greatest ruler, the high king who
ruled from 1002 to 1014, and tried to create one single Ireland?
Brian Boru.
Name the four groups of people who lived in Scotland in the 9th
century.
The Picts, the Scots, the Britons and the Angles.
Who was the first Norman king of England?
King William I The Conqueror.
What is the economic survey of England, completed in 1086 by order
of King William the Conqueror, known as?
The Domesday Book.
How many children of William I were crowned monarchs of England
and what are their royal titles?
Two sons (two kings)
William II Rufus (lat. red), and Henry I
What is the name of Henry’s daughter and who did she fight with
for the English throne?
Matilda, Stephen of Blois
. How many children of Henry II were crowned monarchs of
England and what are their royal titles?
Two sons (two kings): Richard I Lionheart and John I
In which year and by which English monarch was Magna Carta
signed?
Magna Carta was signed in 1215 AD by King John.
Whose murder, in 1170, was the gravest mistake of king Henry II?
Thomas Becket.
What is the name of the earl of Leicester under whose leadership
the nobles took over the English government in 1258?
Simon de Montfort.
Which English monarch brought together the first real parliament in
1275?
Edward I.
What is the name of the Welsh leader who tried to become
independent of the English in the 13th century, but was captured and
killed in 1282?
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd.
Which Norman-Scottish knight led the popular resistance
movement against the English army in the 13th century, and is
remembered as a champion of Scottish nationalism?
William Wallace.
What is the name for travelling judges, appointed by Henry I, that
still exist today, and which law did they administer?
„Circuit“ judges, which administered common law.
What is the name of the feudal class system in the early Middle
Ages, in which land was exchanged for labour, and what are the
country people who were not free to leave their lord’s service or his
land without permission called?
Manorial system, serfs
Which legendary hero lived in Sherwood Forest near Nottingham,
stole from the rich and gave to the poor, and stood up for the weak
against the powerful?
Robin Hood.
Which two parties made a pact against England in the 13th
century, and what is this agreement known as?
Scotland and France; Auld Alliance.
Who was The Hundred Year’s War waged between, and which
years marked its beginning and the end?
England and France; 1337 AD-1453
AD
What has been the motto of the British royal family since the 14th
century?
„Honi Soit Qui Mal Y Pense“ („Let him be ashamed who sees
wrong in it“).
What is the name of a new class of smaller farmers who rented the
manorial lands in the mid-15th century and became an important part
of the agricultural economy in Britain?
Yeomen farmers.
What is the heresy that appeared in England at the end of the 14th
century known as, and what is the name of its leader who translated
the Bible from Latin in 1396?
Lollardy , John Wycliffe.
Who was proclaimed Prince of Wales by his supporters in 1400,
after a national war?
Owain Glyndwr.
Which English king was the first to be deposed and cruelly
murdered by the nobles in 1327?
Edward II
Who imprisoned the twelve-year-old Edward V and his younger
brother in the Tower of London and took the Crown?
Richard of Gloucester, crowned King Richard III.
