UA MAMC Flashcards
Bilirubin
seen liver dysfunction
hemolytic disease
Whats Urobilinogen?
breakdown of bilirubin
Urobilinogen
liver dysfunction
increased RBC destruction (hemolytic anemias)
Ketones
Diabetes
Vomiting
Starvation
Glucose
Diabetes
Kidney Impairment
CNS damage
Pancreatic disease
Protein
Kidney Impairment
Nephrotic syndrom
Multiple myeloma
Hemoglobinuria
free hgb in the urine
Hematuria
intact RBC in the urine
Blood
severe burns
infections
kidney stones
Low pH
Diabetes
dehydration
Inflammation
High pH
Hyperventilation
Vomiting
Bacteria
Nitrite
bacterial infection
Leukocyte Esterase
bacterial infection
inflammation
Whats specific gravity
density of urine
Low specific gravity
hydration
High specific gravity
x-ray dye
dextran
high molecular weight IV fuids
Squamous epithelia
most frequently seen and least significant
Whats the Ictotest for
to detect bilirubin in a positive strip
Whats the SSA for
to detect strip protein when pH >/8.0
What SSA stand for
3% Sulfosalicytic acid
Whats the Reducing Substances test for
to known amount of sugar in urine for pt less than 2 years old
Hows the Reducing Substances known as
Clinitest
How to perform Ictotest
10 drops of urine
add table
one drop of dH2O; after reaction one more drop that overflows on the tablet
How to read Ictotest results
blue/purple is +
no color is -
How to perform SSA
1: 1 mix of volumes
trace: transparent
positive: milky
Sensitivity of SSA
5-10mg/dL
Specificity of SSA
Albumin
Bence Jones
Globulin
Glycoproteins
How to perform Clinitest
10 drops of dH2O
2-5 drops of Urine
Mix
add tablet and wait for reaction
Sensitivity of Clinitest
0.2g/dL
How to read clinitest
blue is -
green/orarange is +
How to process a bloody sample
First aliquot and spin down the urine sample.
Hemolyzed: Manually report color, clarity and specific gravity (using a refractometer) for CHE (using original container). For the other CHE test in LIS report “TNP” and add comment “Unable to report due to color interference”. Perform manual microscopy.
Non-hemolyzed: Manually report color, clarity and specific gravity (using a refractometer) for the CHE test, run the other CHE test in the analyzer. For the other CHE test add comment “Exercise caution with interpretation of results, bloody sample”. Perform manual microscopy, using original container.
How to process a Pyridium sample
If the specimen has a color interference like a pyridine sample:
Manually report color, clarity and specific gravity (using a refractometer) for the CHE test. For the other CHE test in LIS report “TNP” and add comment “Unable to report due to color interference”. Perform FCM analysis sample in manual analysis mode for FCM.
What are the pathological crystal
Tyrosine
Leucine
Cystine
When do we do a manual microscopic
due to Flagg of:
A . X tal: Crystal B. YLC: Yeast like cell C. SRC: Small round cell D.Path Cast: Pathologic cast E. Mucus F. Sperm: Spermatozoa
What does X-tal indicates
crystal
what does YLC indicates
yeast like cell
what does SRC indicates
Small round cell
what does path cast indicates
pathologic cast
What are the pathological cast found in urine
Fatty casts Red blood cell casts Renal tubular epithelial cell casts Waxy casts White blood cell (WBC) casts
What needs a pathologic review
sperm in juveline
abnormal casts
abnormal crystals
parasites
Acid Crystals
pH 6.5 Uric Acid Tyrosine Leucine Cysteine Amorphous Urate
Alkaline Crystals
Triple phosphate (coffin lid)
Ammonium Biurate
Calcium Phosphate/Carbonate
Amorphous Phosphate
Characteristic of Amporphous crystals
pH
color
solubility
granulation
Amorphous crystal
dissolve at 60C
Waxy cast vs Hyaline cast
Waxy: high refractivity
Hyaline: low refractivity
Oval fat bodies
polarize using oil red O
Starch crystal
maltese cross
talcum powder cornstarch
Parasites seen in urine
Schistosoma Haematobium
Schistosoma Mansoni
Schistosoma Japonicu,
yeast seen in urine
Budding yeast
hyphenated yeast
