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UA & BF > UA MAMC > Flashcards

UA MAMC Flashcards

1
Q

Bilirubin

A

seen liver dysfunction

hemolytic disease

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2
Q

Whats Urobilinogen?

A

breakdown of bilirubin

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3
Q

Urobilinogen

A

liver dysfunction

increased RBC destruction (hemolytic anemias)

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4
Q

Ketones

A

Diabetes
Vomiting
Starvation

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5
Q

Glucose

A

Diabetes
Kidney Impairment
CNS damage
Pancreatic disease

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6
Q

Protein

A

Kidney Impairment
Nephrotic syndrom
Multiple myeloma

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7
Q

Hemoglobinuria

A

free hgb in the urine

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8
Q

Hematuria

A

intact RBC in the urine

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9
Q

Blood

A

severe burns
infections
kidney stones

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10
Q

Low pH

A

Diabetes
dehydration
Inflammation

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11
Q

High pH

A

Hyperventilation
Vomiting
Bacteria

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12
Q

Nitrite

A

bacterial infection

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13
Q

Leukocyte Esterase

A

bacterial infection

inflammation

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14
Q

Whats specific gravity

A

density of urine

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15
Q

Low specific gravity

A

hydration

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16
Q

High specific gravity

A

x-ray dye
dextran
high molecular weight IV fuids

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17
Q

Squamous epithelia

A

most frequently seen and least significant

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18
Q

Whats the Ictotest for

A

to detect bilirubin in a positive strip

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19
Q

Whats the SSA for

A

to detect strip protein when pH >/8.0

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20
Q

What SSA stand for

A

3% Sulfosalicytic acid

21
Q

Whats the Reducing Substances test for

A

to known amount of sugar in urine for pt less than 2 years old

22
Q

Hows the Reducing Substances known as

A

Clinitest

23
Q

How to perform Ictotest

A

10 drops of urine
add table
one drop of dH2O; after reaction one more drop that overflows on the tablet

24
Q

How to read Ictotest results

A

blue/purple is +

no color is -

25
Q

How to perform SSA

A

1: 1 mix of volumes
trace: transparent
positive: milky

26
Q

Sensitivity of SSA

A

5-10mg/dL

27
Q

Specificity of SSA

A

Albumin
Bence Jones
Globulin
Glycoproteins

28
Q

How to perform Clinitest

A

10 drops of dH2O
2-5 drops of Urine
Mix
add tablet and wait for reaction

29
Q

Sensitivity of Clinitest

A

0.2g/dL

30
Q

How to read clinitest

A

blue is -

green/orarange is +

31
Q

How to process a bloody sample

A

First aliquot and spin down the urine sample.

Hemolyzed: Manually report color, clarity and specific gravity (using a refractometer) for CHE (using original container). For the other CHE test in LIS report “TNP” and add comment “Unable to report due to color interference”. Perform manual microscopy.

Non-hemolyzed: Manually report color, clarity and specific gravity (using a refractometer) for the CHE test, run the other CHE test in the analyzer. For the other CHE test add comment “Exercise caution with interpretation of results, bloody sample”. Perform manual microscopy, using original container.

32
Q

How to process a Pyridium sample

A

If the specimen has a color interference like a pyridine sample:
Manually report color, clarity and specific gravity (using a refractometer) for the CHE test. For the other CHE test in LIS report “TNP” and add comment “Unable to report due to color interference”. Perform FCM analysis sample in manual analysis mode for FCM.

33
Q

What are the pathological crystal

A

Tyrosine
Leucine
Cystine

34
Q

When do we do a manual microscopic

A

due to Flagg of:

A . X tal: Crystal
B. YLC: Yeast like cell
C. SRC: Small round cell
D.Path Cast: Pathologic cast
E. Mucus 
F. Sperm: Spermatozoa
35
Q

What does X-tal indicates

A

crystal

36
Q

what does YLC indicates

A

yeast like cell

37
Q

what does SRC indicates

A

Small round cell

38
Q

what does path cast indicates

A

pathologic cast

39
Q

What are the pathological cast found in urine

A 
Fatty casts
Red blood cell casts 
Renal tubular epithelial cell casts 
Waxy casts
White blood cell (WBC) casts
40
Q

What needs a pathologic review

A

sperm in juveline
abnormal casts
abnormal crystals
parasites

41
Q

Acid Crystals

A 
pH 6.5
Uric Acid
Tyrosine
Leucine
Cysteine
Amorphous Urate
42
Q

Alkaline Crystals

A

Triple phosphate (coffin lid)
Ammonium Biurate
Calcium Phosphate/Carbonate
Amorphous Phosphate

43
Q

Characteristic of Amporphous crystals

A

pH
color
solubility
granulation

44
Q

Amorphous crystal

A

dissolve at 60C

45
Q

Waxy cast vs Hyaline cast

A

Waxy: high refractivity
Hyaline: low refractivity

46
Q

Oval fat bodies

A

polarize using oil red O

47
Q

Starch crystal

A

maltese cross

talcum powder cornstarch

48
Q

Parasites seen in urine

A

Schistosoma Haematobium
Schistosoma Mansoni
Schistosoma Japonicu,

49
Q

yeast seen in urine

A

Budding yeast

hyphenated yeast

UA & BF (3 decks)

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