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Lab part 2 > UA > Flashcards

UA Flashcards

1
Q

UA is an indicator of what?

A

Important indicator of health

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2
Q

UA can screen and detect?

A
  • Renal function/disorder
  • Endocrine or metabolic function/disorder
  • UTI
  • Systemic diseases
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3
Q

What kind of test is a UA?

A

Cost effective in-vitro diagnostic test

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4
Q

2 types of urine collection?

A

Instrumented and Non instrumented

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5
Q

Non instrument urine collection types

A
  • First morning void
  • Random urine specimen
  • Clean Catch
  • 24 hour
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6
Q

Instrumented urine collection types

A
  • Urethral catheterization
  • Suprapubic needle aspiration
  • Catheterization and Bladder irrigation
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7
Q

When should fresh urine be analyzed?

A

Within 1-2 hours

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8
Q

If unable to test fresh urine immediately, what should you do?

A

Refrigerate for 3-6hours

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9
Q

What increases the pH of urine?

A

Urea splitting bacteria produces ammonia which combine with hydrogen ions

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10
Q

Which urine collection method is most concentrated and recommended for chemical and microscopic examination?

A

First morning void

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11
Q

Which urine specimen collection method is most convenient and common but not as sensitive as first morning void?

A

Random urine

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12
Q

Which urine specimen collection method is for bacterial cultures?

A

Clean catch urine

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13
Q

When can you perform urine cultures?

A

12 hours after collection if specimen was refrigerated

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14
Q

Which urine collection method gives quantitative results and may need preservative?

A

24 hour collection

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15
Q

What urine collection method should be used on obese patients?

A

Urethral catheterization

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16
Q

What is the urine collection method for infants and young children?

A

Suprapubic needle aspiration

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17
Q

Where do you insert the needle for suprapubic needle aspiration?

A

Directly into distended bladder

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18
Q

Which urine collection method avoids vaginal and urethral contamination?

A

Suprapubic needle aspiration

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19
Q

How much saline is inserted into the bladder during irrigation?

A

50-72ml

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20
Q

What study is conducted with contents after bladder irrigation

A

Cytologic study

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21
Q

What are the 3 elements of urine analysis?

A

Physical
Chemical
Microscopic

22
Q

What is the normal volume of 24 hour urine?

A

600-2000ml, average 1500ml

23
Q

What directly influences amount of urine in a 24 hour period?

A
  • Fluid intake
  • Temperature and climate
  • Perspiration that occurs
24
Q

What is the pigment in urine called?

A

Urochrome

25
Q

What is normal urine color described?

A

Straw (light yellow) to dark amber

26
Q

What causes urine to be blue?

A

Methylene blue

27
Q

What causes urine to be dark orange?

A

Pyridium

28
Q

What causes urine to be milky white?

A

Chyle

29
Q

What causes urine to be olive green to brown black?

A

Phenols

30
Q

What causes urine to be yellow to brown (or green when shaken)

A

Bile

31
Q

What causes urine to be red or red-brown (smoky appearance)

A

Blood

32
Q

What is normal turbidity of urine?

A

Clear

33
Q

What is turbid alkaline due to?

A

Amorphous phosphate
Amorphous carbonate

34
Q

What causes pinkish turbidity?

A

Urates

35
Q

Urine that has been standing for a long time develops ammonia odor due to what?

A

Breakdown of urea by bacteria

36
Q

Maple syrup urine odor cause?

A

Maple syrup urine disease

37
Q

Musty mousy urine odor cause?

A

Infant with phenylketonuria

38
Q

Sweaty feet urine odor cause?

A

Butyric or hexanoic acid

39
Q

Specific gravity of random urine

A

1.003-1.035

40
Q

Specific gravity of 24 hour urine

A

1.015-1.025

41
Q

Blood glucose will be at what level when glucosuria occurs?

A

160-180mg/dL

42
Q

Glucose in the urine indicates?

A

DM or other causes of hyperglycemia

43
Q

What is ketonuria?

A

Presence of ketones in urine as a result of incomplete fatty acid utilization

44
Q

Ketonuria is an indicator of?

A

DM

45
Q

Causes of ketones in urine?

A
  • decrease in utilization of carbs (DM)
  • Keto diet ( high fat, low carb)
  • Eclampsia
46
Q

Occult blood in urine is called?

A

Hematuria

47
Q

Bilirubin in urine is caused by?

A

Any condition that causes jaundice

48
Q

Urobilinogen is present in urine in what concentration?

A

1 EU or less

49
Q

Increase in urobilinogen indicates what?

A

Liver or hemolytic disease

50
Q

What is the normal pH of urine?

A

4.6-8.0, averages around 6

51
Q

UTIs cause by what may cause alkaline urine?

A

Proteus and pseudomonas

52
Q

Protein in urine is an indicator of what disease?

A

Renal disease

Lab part 2 (3 decks)

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