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Lab part 2 > POC tests > Flashcards

POC tests Flashcards

1
Q

What is malaria caused by?

A

Protozoan organisms form bite of a female anopheles mosquito

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2
Q

What is the malaria parasite called?

A

Plasmodian

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3
Q

What is injected when a female anopheles mosquito bites a human?

A

Sporozoites

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4
Q

Sporozoites enter cells of which organ

A

Parenchymal cells of liver

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5
Q

Development of Sporozoites in liver is called?

A

Pre-erythrocytic cycle

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6
Q

Further development of Sporozoites after RBC invasion in liver is called?

A

Exo-erythrocytic cycle

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7
Q

Sporozoites rupture liver parenchymal cells releasing what and invade what?

A

Merozoites and invade RBCs

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8
Q

Merozoites develop and become?

A

Trophozoites

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9
Q

Trophozoites feed on what in RBCs?

A

Hgb

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10
Q

What is the malarial pigment composed of?

A

Hematin and protein

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11
Q

Increased levels of Trophozoites are responsible for what?

A

Symptomatic reactions (fever)

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12
Q

Mature Trophozoites develop into?

A

Schizonts

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13
Q

When RBC ruptures it releases?

A

Merozoites which restarts the process at the liver

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14
Q

Ingestion of gametocytes by mosquito begins what?

A

Sexual reproduction of zygote

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15
Q

Zygote penetrates what part of the mosquito and forms?

A

Mid gut wall of mosquito forming oocyst

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16
Q

After oocyst matures, what forms?

A

Sporozoites

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17
Q

Where do newly formed sporozoites go to be injected?

A

Salivary glands

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18
Q

What are the 4 types of common malaria found in humans?

A

Plasmodium Falciparum
Plasmodium Vivax
Plasmodium Ovale
Plasmodium Malariae

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19
Q

What is the erythrocytic cycle of plasmodium falciparum?

A

Malignant tertian (fever every 48 hours or every 2nd day)

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20
Q

Which types of malaria have a benign tertian erythrocytic cycle?

A

Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium Ovale

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21
Q

What is the erythrocytic cycle of plasmodium malariae?

A

Benign quartan

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22
Q

What do you use to collect samples of malaria testing?

A

Capillary tube or purple top

23
Q

How long can venous blood be stored for malaria testing?

A

3 days at 2-30C(36-86F)

24
Q

If sample is refrigerated for malaria testing, what temp should it come up to prior to testing?

A

Room temperature (15-30C)

25
Q

How much sample should be on the sample pad for malaria testing?

A

Sample pad should be saturated or 15uL

26
Q

How much of Reagent A be used for malaria testing?

A

2 drops, allowing for abortion of first drop prior to second

27
Q

Before mixture reaches top of malaria test strip, add how many drops reagent to wash pad?

A

4 additional drops

28
Q

What should you do when mixture reaches top of malaria test strip?

A

Remove adhesive and close kit

29
Q

When should malaria test be read?

A

After 15 minutes

30
Q

In order for malaria test to be valid, what must appear?

A

ā€œCā€ control line must appear

31
Q

T1 result in malaria test is?

A

Positive for plasmodium Falciparum

32
Q

T2 result in malaria test is?

A

Positive for plasmodium vivax, malariae or ovale

33
Q

T1 and T2 result in malaria test is?

A

Positive for plasmodium falciparum and mixed infection

34
Q

What should the patient be when samples are taken for malaria testing?

A

Febrile

35
Q

Malaria rapid test kits detect what?

A

Antigens

36
Q

How are rapid malaria test kits confirmed?

A

Thick and thin smear sent to NEPMU

37
Q

False positive malaria results are a result of which conditions?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic viral infections (HEP C)
Other blood parasites (Babesia)

38
Q

What is influenza?

A

Highly contagious, acute, viral infection of respiratory tract

39
Q

How is influenza transmitted?

A

Aerosolized droplets

40
Q

What is more common and more serious?

A

Influenza A

41
Q

When is influenza dx best?

A

First 2-3 days

42
Q

Benefits on influenza testing

A

Enable appropriate treatment
Facilitate prompt treatment
Some antivirals only effective within 48 hours of onset
Reduce costs of ancillary diagnostics
Reduce healthcare costs
Decrease unnecessary antibiotic use

43
Q

How many times should swab to be tested be rotated in influenza testing vial?

A

3 times

44
Q

How should you remove swab from vial in influenza testing

A

Rub against side of vial and discard

45
Q

When should you test liquid from sample in influenza testing?

A

ASAP

46
Q

How much sample should be pipetted on the middle of influenza test pad?

A

Entire contents of pipette (100uL)

47
Q

When should you read the results of influenza test?

A

15 minutes

48
Q

Flu A positive looks?

A

Blue control line turns pink-purple and second pink to purple line in middle third row of window

49
Q

Flu B positive looks?

A

Blue control line turns pink-purple and second pink to purple line appears in top third of window

50
Q

What if control line in influenza test is not present at all?

A

Invalid test

51
Q

Repeat invalid influenza tests should contact who?

A

Technical service

52
Q

False positive influenza test may occur when?

A

Prevalence is low (beginning and end of season)

53
Q

False negative influenza test may occur when?

A

Prevalence is high (height of season)

54
Q

What should be considered in conjunction with influenza tests for dx?

A

Clinical findings

Lab part 2 (3 decks)

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