U7 - Digestive System Flashcards
abdominocentesis
surgical puncture into the abdomen
absorption
passing of substances into body tissues
alimentary canal
the tube extending from the mouth to the anus
amylase
an enzyme that breaks down starch
anorexia
lack of appetite
appendectomy
the surgical removal of the appendix
bile
yellow-green secretion of the liver
biliary
pertaining to bile or bile ducts
bilirubin
an orange-yellow pigment of bile
borborygmus
a rumbling noise made by the movement of gas in the intestines
buccal
pertaining to the cheek or mouth
cardiac sphincter
the circular muscle at the distal end of the esophagus
cecum
a cul-de-sac containing the first portion of the large intestine
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholelithiasis
abnormal presence of gallstones
chyme
semi-solid mixture of partially digested food and enzymes
colonoscopy
process of viewing the large intestine
colostomy
surgical creation of a new opening between the colon and the surface of the body
deglutition
swallowing
duodenum
first portion of the small intestine
dyspepsia
feeling of epigastric discomfort after eating
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
emesis
the act of vomiting
emulsify
to disperse a liquid into another liquid
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
esophagus
a canal extending from the pharynx to the stomach
flatulence
presence of air or gas in the digestive tract
gallbladder
a structure located under the liver that stores bile
gastroenterologist
specialist in the treatment of disorders of the digestive system
gingiva
the gums
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
hematemesis
vomiting blood
hemorrhoids
dilated varicose veins of the anus or distal rectum
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
ileocecal
pertaining to the ileum and cecum
ileum
third segment of the small intestine
jaundice
yellowish discolouration of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes
jejunum
second segment of the small intestine
laparoscopy
process of viewing the abdominal cavity
lingual
pertaining to the tongue
lipolysis
breakdown of fat
mastication
chewing, tearing, or grinding food with the teeth
melena
black, tarry stool containing digested blood
pancreas
organ lying behind the stomach in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
peristalsis
rhythmic, wave-like muscular contractions
pyloric sphincter
a circular muscle in the distal stomach
rugae
folds of mucous membrane in the walls of an organ
sigmoid colon
the portion of the colon between descending colon and the rectum
steatorrhea
greater than normal amounts of fat in feces
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
uvula
grape-like projection hanging from the soft palate at the back of the mouth
