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Biology Unit 4 - Energy > U4 Vocabulary > Flashcards

U4 Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

1st Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

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2
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

A

All energy is moving to it’s lowest level

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3
Q

Entropy

A

Another name for the second law of thermodynamics

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4
Q

Free energy

A

The energy released after a chemical reaction

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5
Q

Activation energy

A

The energy needed to start a reaction

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6
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction, but is not used up in the reaction

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7
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein catalyst

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8
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Respiration with oxygen. Produces 38 ATP

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9
Q

Glycolysis

A

Breaking glucose down to pyruvic acid. Takes place in the cytoplasm.

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10
Q

NAD

A

An ion storage molecule. Stores hydrogen ions for use in the electron transport chain.

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11
Q

Electron transport chain

A

A series of oxidation/reduction reactions that releases energy for converting ADP to ATP. The final ion accepter is oxygen.

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12
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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13
Q

Substrate

A

The substance that an enzyme works on, breaking it down to products.

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14
Q

Light reaction

A

The reaction in photosynthesis that requires light. An electron is moved to a higher orbit by light.

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15
Q

Dark reaction

A

The reaction photosynthesis that doesn’t need light. carbon dioxide molecules are converted to glucose.

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16
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Respiration without oxygen. The result is 4 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol.

17
Q

Photosyntheis

A

The process of turning carbon dioxide, water, and the energy from the sun into glucose.

18
Q

Krebs cycle

A

The process of turning pyruvic acid into energy to make ATP

19
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The pigment responsible for photosynthesis.

20
Q

ADP

A

The low energy molecule that comes from breaking off a phosphate from ATP. Adenosine diphosphate

21
Q

Fermentation

A

The anaerobic process that results in 4 ATP and alcohol

22
Q

Pigment

A

Any substance that absorbs light.

23
Q

Coenzyme

A

A protein that helps an enzyme

24
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy that can do work. Energy of position.

25
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy of motion.

Biology Unit 4 - Energy (2 decks)

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