U4 Vocabulary Flashcards
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
All energy is moving to it’s lowest level
Entropy
Another name for the second law of thermodynamics
Free energy
The energy released after a chemical reaction
Activation energy
The energy needed to start a reaction
Catalyst
A substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction, but is not used up in the reaction
Enzyme
A protein catalyst
Aerobic respiration
Respiration with oxygen. Produces 38 ATP
Glycolysis
Breaking glucose down to pyruvic acid. Takes place in the cytoplasm.
NAD
An ion storage molecule. Stores hydrogen ions for use in the electron transport chain.
Electron transport chain
A series of oxidation/reduction reactions that releases energy for converting ADP to ATP. The final ion accepter is oxygen.
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
Substrate
The substance that an enzyme works on, breaking it down to products.
Light reaction
The reaction in photosynthesis that requires light. An electron is moved to a higher orbit by light.
Dark reaction
The reaction photosynthesis that doesn’t need light. carbon dioxide molecules are converted to glucose.
Anaerobic respiration
Respiration without oxygen. The result is 4 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol.
Photosyntheis
The process of turning carbon dioxide, water, and the energy from the sun into glucose.
Krebs cycle
The process of turning pyruvic acid into energy to make ATP
Chlorophyll
The pigment responsible for photosynthesis.
ADP
The low energy molecule that comes from breaking off a phosphate from ATP. Adenosine diphosphate
Fermentation
The anaerobic process that results in 4 ATP and alcohol
Pigment
Any substance that absorbs light.
Coenzyme
A protein that helps an enzyme
Potential energy
Energy that can do work. Energy of position.
Kinetic energy
Energy of motion.
