U4 Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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2
Q

Chemical bonds are what form of energy?

A

Potential energy

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3
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

A

All energy is moving to its lowest level. Entropy.

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4
Q

Living cells can convert potential energy into what?

A

Kinetic energy

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5
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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6
Q

If a phosphate is removed from ATP, the result is a lower energy _____ molecule.

A

ADP

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7
Q

ATP is or is not a fuel.

A

is not

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8
Q

All living things get their energy from the _____

A

Sun

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9
Q

The _____ is the site of ATP production.

A

Mitochondria

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10
Q

The average human uses _____kg of ATP per day.

A

40

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11
Q

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose, obtained from the food we eat, into what molecule?

A

Pyruvic acid

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12
Q

A substance that changes the reaction rate of a chemical, but is not used or changed is called a _____.

A

catalyst

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13
Q

You should be able to identify the high energy bonds in a diagram of an ATP molecule.

A

Can you?

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14
Q

The dark reaction takes place in _____

A

Stroma

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15
Q

Light is what kind of energy?

A

Radiant

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16
Q

The process of fermentation creates 4 ATP and what?

A

Lactic acid or alcohol

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17
Q

The citric acid/Krebs cycle releases energy for what?

A

The attachment of a phosphate to an ADP

18
Q

ATP/ADP are used or recycled?

A

Recycled

19
Q

Fucoxanthins are brown pigments, therefore they absorb all but what color?

A

Brown

20
Q

The anaerobic process that takes place in your muscles produces what by-product?

A

Lactic acid

21
Q

A protein that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(n) ______?

A

Enzyme

22
Q

What do enzymes do in the Krebs/citric acid cycle?

A

Break molecules from a 6 carbon molecule to a 4 carbon molecule.

23
Q

Catalase breaks down what substrate?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

24
Q

The light reaction does or does not need light to work?

A

Does

25
Q

Enzymes are what type of biological molecule?

A

Protein

26
Q

In photosynthesis, the electrons of atoms in chlorophyll are raised to the next orbit by what?

A

Sunlight

27
Q

What is the hydrogen ion “holder” that stores hydrogen ions that are released during the citric acid cycle.

A

NAD

28
Q

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose, obtained from the food we eat, into 2, _____ carbon molecules.

A

3

29
Q

Glycolysis takes place where?

A

Cytoplasm

30
Q

How many ATP are formed from each glucose molecule?

A

38

31
Q

Respiration that takes place without oxygen is called _____.

A

Anaerobic

32
Q

When a cell breaks down glucose, they release what?

A

CO2

33
Q

The products of photosynthesis are what?

A

Oxygen and glucose

34
Q

A reactant in the Calvin Cycle is what?

A

Carbon dioxide

35
Q

The maximum number of ATP molecules produced by aerobic respiration is what?

A

38

36
Q

The breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid is called what?

A

Glycolysis

37
Q

The part of photosynthesis that has to have light is called what?

A

Light reaction

38
Q

The part of photosynthesis that does not need light is called what?

A

Dark reaction

39
Q

Another name for the use of light to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water is what?

A

Photosynthesis

40
Q

Do you know the metric system?

A

Yes or no.

41
Q

Do you know the fields of science?

A

Yes or no.

42
Q

Do you know the study guides from units 1, 2, and 3.

A

Yes or no.