U4 Study Guide Flashcards
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Chemical bonds are what form of energy?
Potential energy
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
All energy is moving to its lowest level. Entropy.
Living cells can convert potential energy into what?
Kinetic energy
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
If a phosphate is removed from ATP, the result is a lower energy _____ molecule.
ADP
ATP is or is not a fuel.
is not
All living things get their energy from the _____
Sun
The _____ is the site of ATP production.
Mitochondria
The average human uses _____kg of ATP per day.
40
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose, obtained from the food we eat, into what molecule?
Pyruvic acid
A substance that changes the reaction rate of a chemical, but is not used or changed is called a _____.
catalyst
You should be able to identify the high energy bonds in a diagram of an ATP molecule.
Can you?
The dark reaction takes place in _____
Stroma
Light is what kind of energy?
Radiant
The process of fermentation creates 4 ATP and what?
Lactic acid or alcohol
The citric acid/Krebs cycle releases energy for what?
The attachment of a phosphate to an ADP
ATP/ADP are used or recycled?
Recycled
Fucoxanthins are brown pigments, therefore they absorb all but what color?
Brown
The anaerobic process that takes place in your muscles produces what by-product?
Lactic acid
A protein that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(n) ______?
Enzyme
What do enzymes do in the Krebs/citric acid cycle?
Break molecules from a 6 carbon molecule to a 4 carbon molecule.
Catalase breaks down what substrate?
Hydrogen peroxide
The light reaction does or does not need light to work?
Does
Enzymes are what type of biological molecule?
Protein
In photosynthesis, the electrons of atoms in chlorophyll are raised to the next orbit by what?
Sunlight
What is the hydrogen ion “holder” that stores hydrogen ions that are released during the citric acid cycle.
NAD
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose, obtained from the food we eat, into 2, _____ carbon molecules.
3
Glycolysis takes place where?
Cytoplasm
How many ATP are formed from each glucose molecule?
38
Respiration that takes place without oxygen is called _____.
Anaerobic
When a cell breaks down glucose, they release what?
CO2
The products of photosynthesis are what?
Oxygen and glucose
A reactant in the Calvin Cycle is what?
Carbon dioxide
The maximum number of ATP molecules produced by aerobic respiration is what?
38
The breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid is called what?
Glycolysis
The part of photosynthesis that has to have light is called what?
Light reaction
The part of photosynthesis that does not need light is called what?
Dark reaction
Another name for the use of light to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water is what?
Photosynthesis
Do you know the metric system?
Yes or no.
Do you know the fields of science?
Yes or no.
Do you know the study guides from units 1, 2, and 3.
Yes or no.
