U4 AOS3 Planning and Conducting Investigations Flashcards
Population
the wider group
of people that
a study is
investigating
Sample
the smaller
group of people
selected from
the population
who will be
participants in
the investigation
Sampling
technique
different
procedures
for selecting
participants from
the population
Random
sampling
selecting
participants from
the population
in a way that
means each
member of the
population has
an equal chance
of being selected
to participate in
the study
Stratified
sampling
first dividing the
population into
subgroups, and
then randomly
selecting
participants from
each subgroup
in the proportion
that they appear
in the population
Investigation
methodology
the particular
type of research
study
Allocation
dividing a sample
into groups in an
investigation
random
allocation
dividing a
sample into
groups in such
a way that each
participant
has an equal
chance of being
placed into the
experimental
group or the
control group
Experimental
group
the group that
is exposed to
the independent
variable and
receives the
experimental
treatment
Control group
the group that
forms a baseline
level to compare
the experimental
group with
Investigation
design
a framework
that determines
how participants
experience the
experimental and
control conditions
mixed design
an investigation
design that
combines
elements of
a between
subjects design
and a within
subjects design
Between
subjects design
an investigation
design in which
participants
are randomly
allocated to
either the
control or the
experimental
condition
Case study
a type of
investigation
of a particular
activity,
behaviour, event
or problem that
contains a real
or hypothetical
situation
and includes
real-world
complexities
Within subjects
design
an investigation
design in which
all participants
in the sample
are involved
in both the
experimental
and control
conditions
Classification and
identification
a type of
investigation that
involves arranging
phenomena,
objects or
events into
manageable sets,
and recognising
phenomena as
belonging to a
particular set or
part of a new or
unique set
Correlational
study
a type of
investigation
that involves
planned
observation
and recording
of events and
behaviours that
have not been
manipulated or
controlled to
understand the
relationships
or associations
existing between
variables, to
identify which
factors may
be of greater
importance,
and to make
predictions
Fieldwork
a type of
investigation
that involves
collecting
information
through
observing and
interacting
with a selected
environment
Literature review
a type of
investigation
that involves
collating and
analysing
secondary data
findings and
viewpoints
Secondary data
data obtained
second hand
through research
conducted by
another person
for another
purpose
Primary data
data collected
through firsthand research
for an intended
purpose
Modelling
a type of
investigation in
which a physical
or conceptual
model is
constructed and/
or manipulated
to simulate a
system
Simulation
a type of
investigation
that uses
a model to
replicate and
study the
behaviour of a
system
Product, process
and system
development
a type of
investigation in
which a product,
a process or
a system is
designed to meet
a human need
