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(U4) AOS 2: What influences mental wellbeing Flashcards

1
Q

Mentally healthy

A

Being in a generally positive state of mental wellbeing, having the ability to cope and manage life challenges.

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2
Q

Mental health problems

A

adversely affects the way a person thinks, feels and or behaves, but typically to a lesser extent and for a short amount of time.

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3
Q

Mental disorders

A

Involves a combination of thought, feelings and or behaviours which are usually associated with significant personal distress and spare the ability to function effectively on everyday life

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4
Q

Internal Factors

A

Originate within a person

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5
Q

What internal factors influence mental health (BPS)

A

Biological and Psychological factors

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6
Q

What external factors influence mental health (BPS)

A

Social factors

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7
Q

High level functioning

A

ability to cope with normal stressors of life and normal mood fluctuations

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8
Q

Social wellbeing

A

satisfying relationship and interactions, with understanding of other problems and motives

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9
Q

Emotional wellbeing

A
  • ability to control emotions and express them appropriately and comfortably
  • acknowledging positive and negative emotions appropriately
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10
Q

Resilience to life stressors

A

the ability to cope and adapt to stressors, with the strong belief for the ability to accomplish

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11
Q

Ethical concerns about informed consent on mental health research

A

The inability to make informed decisions, with adequate understanding
Solution - legal guardian

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12
Q

Ethical concerns about informed consent on placebo treatment

A

deceptions

participants believe they are taking drugs that may reduce or inhibit symptoms

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13
Q

4P Model

A

types of influences that contribute to the development and progression of mental health disorders

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14
Q

Risk factor

A

characteristic and events that increase the likelihood of the development of progression of a mental disorder

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15
Q

Predisposing Risk Factors

A

Increase susceptibility

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16
Q

Precipitating Risk Factors

A

increase susceptibility and contribute to the occurrence

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17
Q

Perpetuating Risk Factors

A

inhibit recovery

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18
Q

Protective Risk Factors

A

reduce/prevent the occurrence or reoccurrence

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19
Q

Biological risk factors (4)

A
  • genetic vulnerability (inheritance)
  • poor response to medication due to genetic factors
  • poor sleep
  • substance abuse
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20
Q

Psychological risk factors (4)

A
  • rumination undesirable thoughts
  • impaired reasoning and memory
  • stress vulnerability model
  • poor self-efficacy
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21
Q

Social risk factors (4)

A

Social risk factors:

  • attachment
  • disorganised attachment
  • loss of significant relationship
  • stigma as a barrier to accessing treatment
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22
Q

disorganised attachment

A

inconsistent and contradictory behaviour patterns, difficult to form close relationships, difficulty trusting, difficulty managing stress and demonstrate hostile or aggressive behaviour

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23
Q

rumination

A

repeatedly thinking about undesirable thoughts

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24
Q

Cumulative risk

A

combined effects of multiple biological, psychological and or social factors

25
Stress
state of physiological and psychological arousal produced by internal and external stressors perceived as challenges or exceeding their ability or resources to cope
26
Anxiety
state of physiological arousal associated with feelings of apprehension, worry or uneasiness
27
Anxiety disorder
group of mental disorder characterised by chronic feelings of anxiety, distress, nervousness and apprehension or fear about the future with negative effect
28
Phobia
– excessive or unreasonable fear of a particular object/situation put of proportion to the actual danger posed with a competing desire to avoid the object
29
Specific phobia
marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation often l ending to avoidance behaviours
30
Panic attack
period of sudden onset of intense fear or terror, often associated with feelings of impending doom.
31
Fear
a need to avoid any phobic stimulus
32
Biological Contributing factors to the development of specific phobia (3)
- GABA dysfunction - Role of stress response - LTP
33
Psychological Contributing factors to the development of specific phobia (4)
- Precipitation by classical conditioning - Precipitation by operant conditioning - Memory bias - Catastrophic thinking
34
Social Contributing factors to the development of specific phobia (2)
Specific Emotional triggers and stigma
35
GABA dysfunction
low levels in the brain, an overproduction of glutamate, where the fight-flight-freeze response is easily triggered
36
Role of stress response
excessive strength paired with phobic stimuli, increasing fight-flight symptoms
37
LTP
contributes to development and maintenance of specific phobia
38
Memory bias
memories distorted to fit phobia, remembering only negative events
39
Catastrophic thinking
over exaggerating symptoms, predicting worst outcome
40
Stigma
avoiding treatment in fear of judgement
41
Specific Emotional triggers (SET)
direct negative experience with object/situation
42
Biological evidence-based interventions (3)
- Anti-anxiety medication (Benzodiazepines) - Breathing retraining - Exercise
43
Psychological evidence-based interventions (2)
- Cognitive behaviour therapy | - Systematic desensitisation
44
Social evidence-based interventions (1)
Psychoeducation
45
Anti-anxiety medication (Benzodiazepines) (3)
- GABA Agonists - Sedatives - slow nervous system functioning - Generally short-term use only, highly addictive
46
Breathing re-training (4)
- Tendency to hyperventilate - Dizziness, palpitations, tingling, tightness in chest - Slow breathing techniques to manage hyperventilating - Lowers overall level of anxiety
47
Exercise (2)
- Adrenalin, noradrenalin & cortisol released into bloodstream- Extra energy boost - Vigorous exercise helps work off energy
48
Cognitive behaviour therapy (5)
- change irrational thinking patterns - catastrophic thoughts not based on reality - identify and replace counterproductive thought patterns - replace with more realistic thinking - decreased anxiety and avoidance.
49
Systematic desensitisation (5)
- anxiety is learned through classical conditioning so can be unlearned - relaxed and anxious contradictory - learn deep muscle relaxation - hierarchy of anxiety-producing stimuli from least to most threatening - work through hierarchy learning to remain calm at each step
50
Psychoeducation (2)
- better understanding condition and treatments | - help family learn to support sufferer
51
Theoretical model of change (5 stages)
``` Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance ```
52
Precontemplation
Not thinking about changing the behaviour. They do not know that change is needed and have no desire to make any changes
53
Contemplation
Individual starts to consider making a possible change, thinking about change, but makes no firm commitment to do so.
54
Preparation
Individual intends to act in the immediate future, usually in the next month. Typically have a plan of action, may start experimenting with small changes, collecting information about change and how they will achieve their commitment to change
55
Action
Individual starts to change their behaviour or habit, makes specific modifications to their lifestyle, taking direct action toward a goal. Behaviour has been changed for a short period of time.
56
Maintenance
Individual has been able to sustain action for at least six months and is working to prevent relapse
57
Biological protective factors
- Adequate diet biological) | - Sleep (biological)
58
Psycholgical protective factors
- Cognitive behavioural strategies (psychological)
59
Social protective factors
- Support from family, friends, and community (social)

Psychology (5 decks)

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