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Psychology > (U4) AOS 2: What influences mental wellbeing > Flashcards

(U4) AOS 2: What influences mental wellbeing Flashcards

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1
Q

Mentally healthy

A

Being in a generally positive state of mental wellbeing, having the ability to cope and manage life challenges.

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2
Q

Mental health problems

A

adversely affects the way a person thinks, feels and or behaves, but typically to a lesser extent and for a short amount of time.

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3
Q

Mental disorders

A

Involves a combination of thought, feelings and or behaviours which are usually associated with significant personal distress and spare the ability to function effectively on everyday life

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4
Q

Internal Factors

A

Originate within a person

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5
Q

What internal factors influence mental health (BPS)

A

Biological and Psychological factors

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6
Q

What external factors influence mental health (BPS)

A

Social factors

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7
Q

High level functioning

A

ability to cope with normal stressors of life and normal mood fluctuations

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8
Q

Social wellbeing

A

satisfying relationship and interactions, with understanding of other problems and motives

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9
Q

Emotional wellbeing

A
  • ability to control emotions and express them appropriately and comfortably
  • acknowledging positive and negative emotions appropriately
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10
Q

Resilience to life stressors

A

the ability to cope and adapt to stressors, with the strong belief for the ability to accomplish

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11
Q

Ethical concerns about informed consent on mental health research

A

The inability to make informed decisions, with adequate understanding
Solution - legal guardian

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12
Q

Ethical concerns about informed consent on placebo treatment

A

deceptions

participants believe they are taking drugs that may reduce or inhibit symptoms

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13
Q

4P Model

A

types of influences that contribute to the development and progression of mental health disorders

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14
Q

Risk factor

A

characteristic and events that increase the likelihood of the development of progression of a mental disorder

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15
Q

Predisposing Risk Factors

A

Increase susceptibility

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16
Q

Precipitating Risk Factors

A

increase susceptibility and contribute to the occurrence

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17
Q

Perpetuating Risk Factors

A

inhibit recovery

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18
Q

Protective Risk Factors

A

reduce/prevent the occurrence or reoccurrence

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19
Q

Biological risk factors (4)

A
  • genetic vulnerability (inheritance)
  • poor response to medication due to genetic factors
  • poor sleep
  • substance abuse
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20
Q

Psychological risk factors (4)

A
  • rumination undesirable thoughts
  • impaired reasoning and memory
  • stress vulnerability model
  • poor self-efficacy
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21
Q

Social risk factors (4)

A

Social risk factors:

  • attachment
  • disorganised attachment
  • loss of significant relationship
  • stigma as a barrier to accessing treatment
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22
Q

disorganised attachment

A

inconsistent and contradictory behaviour patterns, difficult to form close relationships, difficulty trusting, difficulty managing stress and demonstrate hostile or aggressive behaviour

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23
Q

rumination

A

repeatedly thinking about undesirable thoughts

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24
Q

Cumulative risk

A

combined effects of multiple biological, psychological and or social factors

25
Q

Stress

A

state of physiological and psychological arousal produced by internal and external stressors perceived as challenges or exceeding their ability or resources to cope

26
Q

Anxiety

A

state of physiological arousal associated with feelings of apprehension, worry or uneasiness

27
Q

Anxiety disorder

A

group of mental disorder characterised by chronic feelings of anxiety, distress, nervousness and apprehension or fear about the future with negative effect

28
Q

Phobia

A

– excessive or unreasonable fear of a particular object/situation put of proportion to the actual danger posed with a competing desire to avoid the object

29
Q

Specific phobia

A

marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation often l ending to avoidance behaviours

30
Q

Panic attack

A

period of sudden onset of intense fear or terror, often associated with feelings of impending doom.

31
Q

Fear

A

a need to avoid any phobic stimulus

32
Q

Biological Contributing factors to the development of specific phobia (3)

A
  • GABA dysfunction
  • Role of stress response
  • LTP
33
Q

Psychological Contributing factors to the development of specific phobia (4)

A
  • Precipitation by classical conditioning
  • Precipitation by operant conditioning
  • Memory bias
  • Catastrophic thinking
34
Q

Social Contributing factors to the development of specific phobia (2)

A

Specific Emotional triggers and stigma

35
Q

GABA dysfunction

A

low levels in the brain, an overproduction of glutamate, where the fight-flight-freeze response is easily triggered

36
Q

Role of stress response

A

excessive strength paired with phobic stimuli, increasing fight-flight symptoms

37
Q

LTP

A

contributes to development and maintenance of specific phobia

38
Q

Memory bias

A

memories distorted to fit phobia, remembering only negative events

39
Q

Catastrophic thinking

A

over exaggerating symptoms, predicting worst outcome

40
Q

Stigma

A

avoiding treatment in fear of judgement

41
Q

Specific Emotional triggers (SET)

A

direct negative experience with object/situation

42
Q

Biological evidence-based interventions (3)

A
  • Anti-anxiety medication (Benzodiazepines)
  • Breathing retraining
  • Exercise
43
Q

Psychological evidence-based interventions (2)

A
  • Cognitive behaviour therapy

- Systematic desensitisation

44
Q

Social evidence-based interventions (1)

A

Psychoeducation

45
Q

Anti-anxiety medication (Benzodiazepines) (3)

A
  • GABA Agonists
  • Sedatives - slow nervous system functioning
  • Generally short-term use only, highly addictive
46
Q

Breathing re-training (4)

A
  • Tendency to hyperventilate
  • Dizziness, palpitations, tingling, tightness in chest
  • Slow breathing techniques to manage hyperventilating
  • Lowers overall level of anxiety
47
Q

Exercise (2)

A
  • Adrenalin, noradrenalin & cortisol released into bloodstream- Extra energy boost
  • Vigorous exercise helps work off energy
48
Q

Cognitive behaviour therapy (5)

A
  • change irrational thinking patterns
  • catastrophic thoughts not based on reality
  • identify and replace counterproductive thought patterns
  • replace with more realistic thinking
  • decreased anxiety and avoidance.
49
Q

Systematic desensitisation (5)

A
  • anxiety is learned through classical conditioning so can be unlearned
  • relaxed and anxious contradictory
  • learn deep muscle relaxation
  • hierarchy of anxiety-producing stimuli from least to most threatening
  • work through hierarchy learning to remain calm at each step
50
Q

Psychoeducation (2)

A
  • better understanding condition and treatments

- help family learn to support sufferer

51
Q

Theoretical model of change (5 stages)

A 
Precontemplation
Contemplation 
Preparation 
Action
Maintenance
52
Q

Precontemplation

A

Not thinking about changing the behaviour. They do not know that change is needed and have no desire to make any changes

53
Q

Contemplation

A

Individual starts to consider making a possible change, thinking about change, but makes no firm commitment to do so.

54
Q

Preparation

A

Individual intends to act in the immediate future, usually in the next month. Typically have a plan of action, may start experimenting with small changes, collecting information about change and how they will achieve their commitment to change

55
Q

Action

A

Individual starts to change their behaviour or habit, makes specific modifications to their lifestyle, taking direct action toward a goal. Behaviour has been changed for a short period of time.

56
Q

Maintenance

A

Individual has been able to sustain action for at least six months and is working to prevent relapse

57
Q

Biological protective factors

A
  • Adequate diet biological)

- Sleep (biological)

58
Q

Psycholgical protective factors

A
  • Cognitive behavioural strategies (psychological)
59
Q

Social protective factors

A
  • Support from family, friends, and community (social)

Psychology (5 decks)

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