U3AOS2 Cell Communication

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

All chemical reactions that take place inside the cells - maintain growth and normal functioning

Question 2

Anabolic

Answer 2

Simple -> Complex

Question 3

Endergonic

Answer 3

Energy input (consumption)

Question 4

Catabolic

Answer 4

Complex -> Simple

Question 5

Exergonic

Answer 5

Energy output (release)

Question 6

Activation Energy

Answer 6

Energy required to start a reaction

Question 7

Biochemical Pathway

Answer 7

Chemical reactions, series of steps (e.g. photosynthesis)

Question 8

Enzymes

Answer 8

Proteins, act as biological catalysts

Question 9

Co-enzymes

Answer 9

Non-protein compounds, necessary for the functioning of a protein, ORGANIC

Question 10

Co-factors

Answer 10

Substance, presence essential for activity of an enzyme, ORGANIC or INORGANIC

Question 11

Catalyst

Answer 11

Accelerate chemical reactions.

Question 12

Lock-and-key model

Answer 12

Model for enzyme-substrate interaction, the enzyme and the substrate have specific COMPLEMENTARY geometric shapes that fit exactly into one another

Question 13

Induced fit model

Answer 13

Model for enzyme-substrate interaction, binding of a substrate or some other molecule to an enzyme causes a change in the shape of the enzyme, ACTIVE SITE, so as to enhance or inhibit its activity

Question 14

ATP

Answer 14

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 15

ADP

Answer 15

Adenosine diphosphate

Question 16

Loaded enzyme

Answer 16

“CHARGED”

Question 17

Unloaded enzyme

Answer 17

“UNCHARGED”

Question 18

Optimum temperature

Answer 18

Temperature that the enzyme works best at

Question 19

Reduced temperature (ENZYMES)

Answer 19

Slows speed, drastic decrease = DORMANT

Question 20

Dormant

Answer 20

No longer functioning enzyme

Question 21

Increased temperature (ENZYMES)

Answer 21

Speeds up, drastic increase = DENATURATION

Question 22

Competitive Inhibitor

Answer 22

• inhibitor binds to the active site
• inhibitor and substrate both fighting for active sight

Question 23

Non-Competitive Inhibitor

Answer 23

• binds to an allosteric site, changing the shape of the active site.
• substrate cannot bind