Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Social > U3/U4 > Flashcards

U3/U4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is political ideologies concerned with?

A

How power is distributed!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define social contract

A
  • Agreement between the governing and the governed
  • Rights given up by individuals for the benefit of the collective
  • DETERMINES THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Political system

A

Defines who has power and how it is used in society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Power

A

Ability to ACHIEVE what is desired (Coercive, Charismatic, Rational-Legal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Principal issue of political spectrum

A

How much freedom do the people have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

authoritarianism

A

concentrates power in the hands of a leader or a small
elite

not constitutionally responsible to the people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Democracy

A

Where people have the ability to deliberate and decide legislation (governance by the masses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Role of majority and minority in democratic system?

A

Majority rules but respect for minority rights <3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Closest example of direct democracy

A
  • Athens with their lottery system
  • Constant referendums
  • ADULT MALE citizens w property could vote
  • Positions filled by lottery
  • Specialized positions (military) filled by vote
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Haudenosaunee Confederacy

A
  • The Iroquois people has a sort of supranational org to protect all the tribes
  • each clan had own Cheif and dealt w own issues, but fought for collective when needed
  • Unanimity required in votes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How did the Enlightenment lead to political liberalism?

A
  • Divine right of kings was questioned bc of rationalism and empiricism
  • Reformation led to democratization of scripture
  • Renaissance and Humanism led to significance of the person rather than collective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

LOCKE:

  • Catchphrase
  • State of Nature
  • Social contract !!
  • Rule of Law
A

-Govt must protect life, liberty, property
-Tabula rasa (born neutral)
-Give in rights to hurt others in order to be part of society!
BUT YOU HAVE RIGHT TO REVOLUTION
-govt must be accountable to the masses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ROUSSEAU

  • Catchphrase
  • State of Nature
  • Social contract !!
  • Thoughts on democracy
A
  • Protect general will
  • Naturally good and state of abundance
  • Govt must be a representation of general will/direct democracy
  • Like SLAVERY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 Basis of Political Liberalism

A
  1. consent of governed
  2. Decentralized government (serve society, not lorde over it)
  3. Equality (Rule of Law)
  4. Rights and Freedoms (dissent, criticize, religious, private property)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

French Revolution

  • why
  • Importance
  • Philosophers
  • Result
A
  • INEQUALITY/UNFAIR POLITICS/King was too absolute
  • Led to respect of rights and freedoms for all
  • Locke and Rousseau
  • Declaration of rights and freedoms of Man
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Declaration of rights and Man

A
  • law meant to preserve life liberty property
  • govt must represent general will
  • free and equal rights
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oldest modern day democracy

A

America! NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Edmund Burke

A

Classical conservatism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Burkes philosophy + why conservative

A

criticized french rev, bc the kings institutions have long been tried and tested, without new solutions, feared devolution into dictatorships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Burkes ideas of change, values (4)

A

Should spontaneously arise from natural growth not DELIBERATION,

CUSTON, CONVENTION, TRADITION, SOCIAL TIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which philosopher was Burke Like?

A

HOBBES

both valued a strong leader, traiditon, and maintenance of the status quo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Issue with classical liberalism and democracy

A

Who gets to vote? Who has property?

John adams and ben frank were scaqred that if everyone could vote it would be hyper equality, taxation on rich ONLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Classical liberalism and universal suffrage

A

DID not offer it, suffrage=property rights,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Universal suffrage

A

right to vote for all adult citizens, regardless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Suffragette

A

MILITANT

Womens org in britain who wanted voting rights

civil disobedience to make a spectacle to vote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

DIRECT vs REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY

A
  1. referendums vs. representatives
  2. ordinary citiens have direct say vs majority rules
  3. challenging with large pops vs more organized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

characteristics of rep democracy

A
  • rep by pop
  • periodic elections
  • independant judiciary
  • pol parties
  • lobbyists
  • secret ballots
  • power of purse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

power of purse

A

ability to tax and spend public money for the national government.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Rep by pop

CRITICISM

A

seats in legislature alloted based on pop

all votes counted equally

HEAVILY POP REGIONS=MORE VOTES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Montesquieu

  • crux
  • state of nature
  • proposal
A

Separation of Powers! NO CENTRALIZED POWERS

  • hobbesian, people naturally greedy selfish
  • Many branches could check each other, LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE JUDICIAL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

LEG EXEC JUD

A

MAKE LAWS
ENFORCE LAWS
JUDGE DISPUTE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

LEG EXEC JUD driving scenario

A

made laws, pulls u over, judges validity of crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

checks nd balances

A

Legislative- can impeach president and judges
Exec- veto legislation nominate judges
Judiciary- declares pres acts and bills unconstitutional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

FPTP

A

most votes is the winner of the seat. The losing party or

parties win no representation at all (winner take all, does not require majority)

35
Q

Artificial majority

A

when party gets more votes than popular vote bc seats are given based on who had most votes (not necessarily who had 50% +)

36
Q

machiavelli

A

hard to be effecitve when too focused on kindness

criminal virtue

rather be loved or feared

36
Q

machiavelli

A

hard to be effecitve when too focused on kindness

criminal virtue

rather be loved or feared

37
Q

authoritarianism vs totalitarianism

A

political control in one person (russia today monarchy, milkitary dicts)

political control and social contorl of society! (ussr and nazi)

38
Q

Fascism

  • name
  • position on spectrum
  • coll or indiv
  • do govts close pol or econ
  • POL ECON SPECTRUM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
A
  • Fascio : bundle of sticks we connected and strong
  • form of far right authoritatian// strong regiment of society!!!!! supress opps and stay with past
  • COLECTIVISM!
  • politics!, allow some private op
  • CAPITALISM +GOVT CONTROL
39
Q

Arguments for fascism

A
  • Democracy sucks bc indecisive (parties undo what others did)
  • So SLOW! you need to work with other parties to get tasks done
40
Q

Why is fascism more about conservatism as opposed to liberalism

A

because they wanna stay with the past not overthrow govt

41
Q

why did democracy fail in the weimar republic

A
  • versailles treaty made harsh demands
  • hyperinflation
  • people loved hitler and consolidated power
  • created a militant and disciplined society
  • used propoganda!
42
Q

FASCISM GOAL

A

ULTRANATIONALISM/ HELP MAJORITY BY OPRESSING MINORITIES!

43
Q

Carl Schmitts critiques of liberalism 3

A
  1. fails to give people a united goal
  2. doesnt protect citizenru
  3. lie to ourselves (every important deciison is through emergenices act)
44
Q

Dekulakization in ussr

A

Ukrainian ‘kulaks’ were
targeted for their farmland and grain production.
The term ‘kulak’ became a derogatory term for
successful farmers, used as a scapegoat for
insufficient food production.

45
Q

iron curtain

A

political, military, and
ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union
after World War II to seal off itself and its
dependent eastern and central European allies
from open contact with the West and other
noncommunist areas.

46
Q

john rawls experiment

A

veil of ignorance- if your economic, political and social staus was to be randomly deicded, what sort of society would you be born into?

47
Q

Veil of ignorance

A
  • THE IDEA THAT YOU CAN BE SUCCESSFUL IF U WORK HARD ENOUGH IS VAPID
  • If you could be placed anywhere in society what would youneed?
  • EGALITARIAN SOCIETY! Good education, healthcare, police, housing
48
Q

utilitarian

A
  • rules &
    actions that provide
    maximum net utility
    (benefit) to society
49
Q

Rational empirical theory of morality!

A

Utilitarianism nethappiness= gross happines-gross pain

50
Q

Rational empirical theory of morality!

A

Utilitarianism nethappiness= gross happines-gross pain

51
Q

act vs rule utilitarian

A

do what you want to minimize pain!!!

FOLLOW THE RULES TO MINIMIZE PAIN (Long term standard)

52
Q

diminshing marginal utility

A

the more you give someone the less happy they will be

53
Q

absolute equality

practical equality

A

everyone gets the same! full equality the rich would stop making such an effort

get as close as possible but DO NOT endangeer econmy

54
Q

John Stuart Mill

A
  • utilitarianism + liberalism
  • freedom of thought speech
  • opressing IS WRONG EVEN AN OPINION IS WRONG!
  • Conformity is not it! eccentiricty is vibes and necessary
55
Q

tyranny of the majority

A

If a majority is in power than what limtis them to hurt the minority

56
Q

Harm Principle

A

people should be free to act however they wish unless their actions cause harm to somebody else.

57
Q

How are humans free according to mill?

A
  1. though and speech (say what you want, even if opinions of dissent bc ideas of truth opress the truth! galilleo and scientists)
  2. pursue taste (individuality and eccentricity is necessary)
  3. unite
58
Q

Mill supporter of women

A

WOMENS SUFFRAGE

59
Q

Whos ideas compose modern political liberalism

A

JOHN STUART MILL

60
Q

Negative right

Positive right

A
  • absence of force/restriction (freedom of speech etc)

- govt actively taking steps to ensure equality of opportunity for all

61
Q

Illiberalism

A

Soceity that promises liberal ideas (persoanl freedom, equality, dectralized govt, consent of governed) BUT SOMETIMES/ ALWAYS IGNORES THESE KEY IDEAS

62
Q

Why would a country violate poliices of liberalism

A
63
Q

What does the social contract determine?

A

the political system

64
Q

reo by pop criticism-

A

more populous regions have more say in the govenrment

65
Q

Electoral system usa:

A

Each state gets a number of representatives called the ‘electoral college’. Individual
citizens in that state get to vote, and the outcome of that vote will determine how the
electoral college will vote on behalf of that state
‘all or nothing’ system,

66
Q

FILIBUSTER:

A

a. Deliberately stalling the voting on a bill to prevent it from passing (60% rule in the
Senate, or extending a debate where anyone can speak for as long as they want
until the session ends, preventing voting from happening)

67
Q

PR:

FLAW/ex

A

all the votes across the country are added
up and each party is awarded a number of seats in proportion to the percentage of
the popular vote they received
FLAW: MINORITY GOV (WEIMER)

68
Q

haudenosenee confederacy important cuz:

A

model of federalism and int org

69
Q

Caucus meetings

A

i. Meetings of MPs where they are able to debate and challenge ideas, as
Caucus meetings are private (behind closed doors)

70
Q

what is modern pol liberalism?

A

utilitarianism and Liberalism

71
Q

importance of schmitt:

A

influential on the infiltration of china over HK

72
Q

Why does china prefer schmitt to marx?

A

because instead of being rooted in the old ideas of class struggle ,focused on nationalisma dn common external enemies

73
Q

what did mill create in response to benthams acceptance of the ‘tyranny of the majority’:

A

HARM PRINICPLE

74
Q

rousseau social contract

A

contract rooted in the idea that masses give in some rights and freedoms for harmony, and reflects general will.

75
Q

war measures act:

A

federal law that
gave the Canadian government extra powers
during times of war; Cabinet power to pass laws and regulations
without going through Parliamen (only excecutive

76
Q

criticism of demoracy:

A
  • indecisive: one govt undoes others!
  • slowness: co-operation is necessary for success and parties dont cooperate easily
  • lie: you have to subvert rights to get things done!
  • no identity
77
Q

hololdomr:

A

mass starvation of ukrainians for rapid urban industrialization of ussr

78
Q

fasccism on pol spectrum:

communism on pol spectrum:

A

right end

left end

79
Q

hitler enabling acct:

A

Reichstag to transfer its lawmaking powers to him.

80
Q

why did people love hitler:

A
  1. fear mongering
  2. propoganda
  3. charismatic
81
Q

fascism goa

A

l Fascism is designed to help the majority of the

population by brutally repressing everyone else.

82
Q

Gerrymandering

A

redrawing distrct lines to get more votes

83
Q

Authoritarian vs illiberal dem

A

Authoritarain: openly authoritarian
illiberal: created on democratic foundation but subverts democratic principles

Social (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions