u3 schizophrenia

Question 1

Characteristics

Answer 1

Kurt Schneider - sorted symptoms into positive and negative

Question 2

Structural abnormalities describe

Answer 2

Nancy Adreasen - MRI scans; 20-30% larger ventricles

Vita et al - CAT scans; 33% with schizophrenia had moderate to severe atrophy

Luchins et al - CAT scans tudies right handed individuals with and without schizophrenia. There was increase in reversals in those with schizophrenia.

Question 3

Structural abnormalities evaluation

Answer 3

Nancy Adreasen - MRI scans; 20-30% larger ventricles

McCarley - praised study above | suggested that other factors such as age, sex, all impact brain abnormalities

Lyon - as doses of antipsychotic meds increase, density of brain tissue decreases

Question 4

Psychodynamic describe

Answer 4

Reichman - early experience of rejection + mistreatment led to profound distrust and resentment to others within schizophrenics

Question 5

Psychodynamic evaluate

Answer 5

Kasanin - examined hospital records maternal overprotection in 33/45 cases

Heston - adoption studies - 10.6% of those with a biological mother with schizophrenia were also diagnosed compared to 0%

Question 6

Dysfunctional families describe

Answer 6

Brown - men discharged to stay with parents and wives relapsed more than those sent to lodgings or to stay with siblings

Batson’s double-blind theory

Question 7

Dysfunctional families evaluate

Answer 7

Researchers - 53% schizophrenics with high EE relatives relapsed within 9 months compared to 12% of those with low EE relatives.

McCready and Phillips - failed to find higher subsequent relapse rates

Question 8

Sociocultural factors describe

Answer 8

Francis and Dunham 1933 - higher incidence of schizophrenia in cities compared to suburbs in Chicago

Krabbendan and Van Os - features in urban areas: pollution, drug abuse, overcrowding, greater social stress.

Farris - suggested that people with schizophrenia find contact with others stressful so they withdraw

Jones et al - ‘solitary play’ at ages 4 and 6 | at 13 years old more likely to rate themselves as less socially confident

Question 9

Sociocultural factors evaluate

Answer 9

Van Os et al - single people in less populated had a greater risk of schizophrenia

Mackenzie et al - higher levels of social capital may protect is from stress

Question 10

Antipsychotic drugs describe

Answer 10

Phillip Seman - Fast off theory

Question 11

Antipsychotic drugs evaluate

Answer 11

J Cole - 75% conventional antipsychotics were much improved compared to 25% on placebo | none of patients on the drugs got worse compared to 48%

Rettenbacher et al -
Full: 54%
Partial: 8.3%
Non: 37.5%

Thomas Szasz - physical treatment for mental disorders is no more sophisticated than demonology

Question 12

CBT describe

Answer 12

Laura Smith - identified key treatment components

Question 13

CBT evaluate

Answer 13

KUIPERS
1. 50% on CBT improved, 1 got worse vs
standard care alone 31% improved, 3 got worse, 1 suicide.

2. clients generally satisfied with their experience of CBT
3. costs involved CBT offset by reduced service cost in the future