u3 outcome 1 Flashcards
concepts of health of health and wellbeing
-physical h&w
Physical health and wellbeing relates to the functioning of the body and its systems, and it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks.
-Well-functioning immune system
-Adequate energy levels
-Healthy body weight
-Able to complete daily physical tasks
-Adequate levels of fitness
-Absence of disease and illness
-Well-functioning body and systems
concepts of health of health and wellbeing
-social h&w
Social health and wellbeing relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.
-Well-functioning network of family and friends
-Able to clearly communicate with others
-Able to manage or adapt to different social settings
-Able to develop and maintain relationships with others
-Positive contributions to social groups and the community
concepts of health of health and wellbeing
-emotional h&w
Emotional health and wellbeing relates to the ability to express feelings in a positive way. Emotional health is about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions, as well as the ability to display resilience.
-Able to display resilience
-Able to recognise and understand a wide range of emotions in others
-Able to respond to and manage your own emotions appropriately
-Able to experience appropriate emotions in a range of different scenarios
concepts of health of health and wellbeing
-mental h&w
Mental health and wellbeing is the current state of wellbeing relating to the mind or brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information. A mentally healthy brain enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic.
-Confidence in yourself and your abilities
-Low levels of anxiety and stress
-Able to think logically and problem solve
-High levels of self-esteem
-Able to reason and form opinions and make decisions
-Optimistic and have positive thought patterns
concepts of health of health and wellbeing
-spiritual h&w
Spiritual health and wellbeing is not material in nature, but relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings. Spiritual health includes the concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection on your place in the world.
-A sense of meaning and purpose in life
-A sense of belonging and connection to something greater than yourself
-Living by a set of values and beliefs
-Being at peace and reflecting on your place within the world
-A sense of hope for a positive future
concepts of health of health and wellbeing
illness
llness is a subjective concept related to personal experience of a disease. e.g. Feeling ill due to having influenza.
concepts of health and wellbeing:
disease
-Disease is a physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage. e.g. Being diagnosed with the disease cancer.
concepts of health of health and wellbeing
dynamic nature of health and wellbeing
-dynamic refers to something that is constantly changing or can change quickly.
-The health and wellbeing experienced by an individual is dynamic, meaning that it is constantly changing or can change quickly.
- When describing this concept, ensure you always show the change in health and wellbeing that has occurred.
concepts of health of health and wellbeing
subjective nature of health and wellbeing
-subjective refers to something that can be experienced/veiwed differently by different people.
-The concept of health and wellbeing can be viewed in many different ways and is therefore said to be subjective.
-There are a range of different factors that can influence how people may view health and wellbeing, and this includes education level, age, culture and life experiences such as having a disability or health condition.
illness as a subjective concept
subjective because it is EXPERIENCED differently by different people.
- E.G A person with a low pain threshold may experience breaking a bone as extremely painful and debilitating whereas someone with a high pain threshold may not be as affected by it or may not experience it as being painful.
optimal h&w
-Optimal health and wellbeing is the highest level of health and wellbeing an individual can realistically attain at any particular time, taking into account genetics and the different environments in which people live.
-Optimal health and wellbeing is not necessarily having high levels of all of the five dimensions at once. It is much easier to give one example at a time. Therefore, if a question asks about how something might promote optimal health and wellbeing, make sure you link to high levels of a specific dimension using an example.
-optimal health and wellbeing is when we are experiencing high levels of one or more of the dimensions of health and wellbeing.
-When this occurs, we are able to draw on our health and wellbeing to engage in a variety of activities, many of which benefit us as individuals, in addition to our nation and the world.
-Thus, optimal health and wellbeing can be considered as a resource individually, nationally and globally.
importance of optimal health and wellbeing as a resource: individually
- attend school and gain an education
-attend work and gain an income
-play sport and maintain high levels of fitness - spend time with friends and maintain satisfying relationships
-care for and raise a family
-sleep well and restore energy levels
-work towards their purpose in life
importance of optimal health and wellbeing as a resource: nationally
- more people can attend work and contribute to tax revenue to the government to spend on national priorities
-More people can engage in the community in groups and activities such as volunteering
-Less people in the health system provides more space and opportunities for others who are unwell to be treated
-Less people are relying on social security and funds saved can be redirected to other national priorities
-More people are well enough to consider engaging in the defence of the nation as needed
importance of optimal health and wellbeing as a resource: globally
-People can work together on global challenges such as climate change
-People are more likely to be able to attend work and contribute to global trade and economic development
-Contributes to global peace and stability as people are less likely to feel desperate and unfairly treated
-Reduces the risk of disease transmission between countries
indicators used to measure and understand health status:
incidence
The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.
indicators used to measure and understand health status:
prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.
indicators used to measure and understand health status:
morbidity
Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.
indicators used to measure and understand health status:
burden of disease
-A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries.
-Specifically, it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability.
-Burden of disease is measured in a unit
called the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY).
indicators used to measure and understand health status:
disability adjusted life year (DALY)
-A measure of burden of disease. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
indicators used to measure and understand health status:
years of life lost (YLL)
-A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death.
-The fatal component of burden of disease.
indicators used to measure and understand health status:
years lived with disability (YLD)
-A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to living with illness, injury or disability.
- The non-fatal component of burden of disease.
indicators used to measure and understand health status:
life expectancy
-An indication of how long a person can expect to live.
-It is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.
indicators used to measure and understand health status:
health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
-A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health.
-It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
indicators used to measure and understand health status:
mortality (maternal, infant and under five)
Refers to death, often at a population level.
MATERNAL MORTALITY: death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within six weeks of delivery.
Maternal mortality ratio: the number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth per 100 000 live births.
INFANT MORTALITY: the death of a child between birth and their first birthday.
Infant mortality rate: the rate of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births.
UNDER FIVE MORTALITY: The death of a child under 5 years of age.
Under 5 mortality rate: The rate of deaths occurring in children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births.
indicators used to measure and understand health status:
self-assessed health status
-a measure based on a person’s own opinion about how they feel about their
health and wellbeing, their state of mind and their life in general.
-It is commonly sourced from population surveys.
