U3 Landscapes and Surface Processes Flashcards
As a quartz pebble is transported by a stream, the pebble will become more rounded as a result of
abrasion by colliding with other rocks
(ESRT) Which three minerals are most likely used in the construction of a house?
selenite gypsum, dolomite, and muscovite mica
The topographic map below shows a portion of a volcanic island in the Pacific Ocean. Elevations are shown in feet. Letters A and B represent locations on Earth’s surface. Locations A and B are 2.5 miles apart (see figure). What is the approximate gradient from point A to point B on the island?
2000 ft/mi
(ESRT) Which two rocks usually consist of only one mineral, but may contain additional minerals?
quartzite and dunite
(ESRT) Which rock has never melted, but was produced by
great heat and pressure, which distorted and
rearranged its minerals?
metaconglomerate
The map below shows a portion of the North Carolina coastline, including some of the Outer Banks. The Outer Banks is a string of narrow barrier islands consisting of well-sorted sand along the Atlantic Ocean coast (see figure).Which agent of erosion is primarily responsible for the formation of these barrier islands?
wave action
The photograph below shows a magnified view of a portion of a rock that can float if placed in water. Which term best describes this rock (see figure)?
A) non-crystalline and vesicular
B) coarse and non-vesicular
C) elastic and fragmental
D) foliated and banded
A.) non-crystalline and vesicular
(ESRT) Using chemical symbols, state the chemical composition of the mineral found in limestone.
— CaCO3
— Ca, C, and O
— CaMg(CO3)2
Compared to sediments deposited by meltwater from a glacier, describe the difference in the arrangement of the sediment deposited directly by a glacier.
— unsorted
— mixed piles
— not layered
Describe the most likely shape of the cross section of a valley formed as a result of erosion by a mountain glacier.
— U-shaped
— wide valley with
steep sides
Describe the relationship between the thickness of a glacier and its rate of movement downhill.
As the thickness
of a glacier increases, the rate of
movement increases.
State the compass direction and distance in feet (ft) from point Y to point Z (see figure).
Compass direction:
— SW, —
Southwest, — SSW
Distance: — Any
value from 3800 to
4200 ft.
(ESRT) Identify the New York State landscape region where Cuba Lake is located.
— Allegheny
Plateau, —
Appalachian
Plateau, —
Appalachian
Uplands
On the map above, complete the 30-foot water depth isoline from point W to point X.
See figure
C
See figure
D
The streambank at location B is steeper than the streambank at location A because the water near
location B is moving (see figure)
A) slower than the water near location A, causing more erosion
B) slower than the water near location A , causing more deposition
C) faster than the water near location A, causing more erosion
D) faster than the water near location A, causing more deposition
C
The area labeled letter X represents a portion of a (see figure):
A) delta
B) sand dune
C) finger lake
D) floodplain
D
Most of the particles deposited where the stream velocity decreases from 50 centimeters per second to 5 centimeters per second are (see figure):
A) small cobbles and large pebbles B) small pebbles and large sand
C) small sand and large silt
D) small silt and large clay
B
Describe the chemical weathering that contributes to the formation of sinkholes. (see figure)
— The acid in water
chemically reacts
with the carbonates
in the rocks.
— Limestone is
chemically altered
and changed into
new materials.
— Slightly acidic
groundwater
chemically breaks
down calcite and/or
dolomite.
— Water flowing
underground
dissolves the
limestone.
delta
area where a river empties into another body of water like a lake or the ocean
flood plain
an area near a river that is low-lying and often floods
drumlin
stretched out, oval shaped hill formed from glacial movement and deposition
morraine
unsorted sediment deposited by a glacier
kettle lake
a shallow, sediment filled depression or hole formed from a retreating glacier
oxbow lake
an area where a meander in a stream is cut off from the rest of the stream created a bow-shaped lake
isolines
a line on a map where every point on that line has the same value (ex: elevation, temperature, air pressure)
gradient
a measure of how steep a slope is
sorted vs unsorted
mixed vs unmixed
meander
a bend or curve in a stream
bed load
particles like sand and pebbles transported in a stream by rolling or bouncing along the bottom (not suspended)
alluvial fan
a triangle shaped area of deposited sand and sediment created when a stream encounters hills, mountains, or steep walls of a canyon
uplift
when plates collide (convergent boundary) and it causes the plates to buckle upwards (creating hills, mountains, etc)
subsidence
the pushing down or sinking of ground; Can be caused by things like glaciers or many skyscrapers pushing down on the ground; can cause sink holes
downwarping
plates collide and the plates buckle downwards (opposite of uplift)
stream drainage pattern
3 The water runs downhill from each peak
