U3 KA3 - Memory

Question 1

What is memory?

Answer 1

Memory is the capacity of the brain to store information, retain it and then retrieve it when required.

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of sensory memory

Answer 2

1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval

Question 3

Describe the Encoding stage of sensory memory

Answer 3

Sensory image must be converted into a form that the brain can process and store.

Question 4

Describe the Storage stage of sensory memory

Answer 4

Retaining the information over a period of time (30sec-lifetime)

Question 5

Describe the Retrieval stage of sensory memory

Answer 5

Recovery of the stored material from either the short-term or long-term memory.

Question 6

What are the 3 levels of Memory?

Answer 6

1. Sensory Memory
2. Short term memory
3. Long term memory

Question 7

How long does sensory memory retain auditory and visual input?

Answer 7

A few seconds

Question 8

Where are sensory memories passes to?

Answer 8

STM

Question 9

Why are pieces of information often discarded

Answer 9

Because they haven’t been transferred to Long term memory

Question 10

What id the capacity of STM

Answer 10

7 bits of information

Question 11

How long is information retained in the STM

Answer 11

30 seconds

Question 12

What happens if there is no rehearsal of information in the STM

Answer 12

it is displaced

Question 13

What does rehearsal of STM do?

Answer 13

Extends the time the info is in the STM

Question 14

What is Rehearsal?

Answer 14

Repeating a bit of info over and over again

Question 15

What are the 4 methods of improving STM of a piece of information?

Answer 15

1. Rehearsal
2. Organisation
3. Chunking
4. Serial positioning effect

Question 16

Describe the organisation of STM

Answer 16

This is the process of sorting info into relevant categories.

Question 17

Describe the chunking of STM

Answer 17

Dividing information into smaller groups

E.g. phone numbers are broken into smaller sections of 3 numbers to help remember numbers better

Question 18

Describe the Serial Positioning Effect

Answer 18

When trying to remember items in a list, recall is often better for the items shown at the start or end of the list

Question 19

Why is the Serial Positioning Effect true?

Answer 19

Items at the start of the list have had enough time to be rehearsed and transferred to the LTM

Items at the end are remembered as they are still in the STM

Question 20

How much information can long term memory hold?

Answer 20

Unlimited

Question 21

State the 3 processes by which information can be transferred from STM to LTM

Answer 21

1. Rehearsal
2. Organisation
3. Elaboration

Question 22

Retrieval of organised info in the LTM can be made easier using…

Answer 22

Contextual Cues

Question 23

What are Contextual Cues

Answer 23

Relevant bit of information that remind you of the memory and make it more powerful e.g. date or time of memory

Question 24

Describe the process of Elaboration in memory

Answer 24

The process of elaboration adds detail and meaning to details. ​

If the information becomes more personalised or interesting it is more likely to be successfully stored in the LTM.