U3 AOS 2

Question 1

define economic prosperity and name its applicable case studies

Answer 1

refers to a state’s ability to successfully develop and grow its national economy while also maintaining strategic and competitive advantages within an increasingly interconnected global capitalist economy – (globalisation).

South china sea
bell road initiative

Question 2

what does china want economically?

Answer 2

to ‘build a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, culturally advanced and harmonious’ … by 2049 - Written into the Chinese Communist Party’s constitution in 2012

Question 3

DEFINE NATIONAL SECURITY AND STATE ITS CASE STUDIES

Answer 3

This is the national interest of a state to ensure it maintains sovereignty. Traditionally this term refers to the protection of a state’s borders from intruders but has evolved to include other forms of security, such as resource and environmental security, that are necessary for a state to maintain sovereignty.

• UYGHURS/SCO

Question 4

factor national security: internal threat

Answer 4

secessionist groups - uyghurs - terrorist movement

Question 5

regional relationships define + case studies

Answer 5

Positive regional relationships are an important national interest to a state as they ensure its neighbours will not behave in a hostile manner and thus threaten state sovereignty.

Cambodia aid,

Question 6

what does china want regional relationships

Answer 6

to sustain useful, productive, mutually beneficial relations (mostly economic) with geographic neighbours
to control potential regional security threats (ie. taiwan, maritime rights,
china led regional economic network)

Question 7

international standing define + case studies

Answer 7

The international standing of a state is an important national interest as it influences the power a state has in global politics. Other national interests impact international standing as well as a state’s role and recognition in intergovernmental organisations and as a proponent of international law.

peacekeeping missions, belt and road in regards to sri lanka port

Question 8

what does china want international standings

Answer 8

China aims to achieve favourable international standing and recognition as a respected ‘great power’ (positive international image).

Question 9

national interests factors - chinese dream

Answer 9

• Core Vision: Reclaiming China’s rightful place in international politics.
  -Xi Jinping’s Slogan: Chinese Dream guides national interests and policies.
• Main Objectives:
  
  • Strong China: Secure, hegemonic, and dominant global leader.
  • Beautiful China: Internationally respected, environmentally conscious.
  • Civilized China: Economically prosperous, culturally celebrated.
  • Harmonious China: National unity among diverse ethnicities.
• Guiding Principle: Blends economic, cultural, and political goals for a modern, powerful, respected nation.
• Xi Jinping Thought Ensures political control within China and aims for global dominance.
• Collective Effort: Involves CCP, PLA, and Chinese people.
• Historical Redemption: Overcoming the century of humiliation, restoring prominence.
• Ultimate Goal Great renewal of the Chinese nation, global contributions.

Question 10

population/age - NI factor - economic prosperity

Answer 10

world’s most populous state (1.4 billion estimated in July 2021)
officially recognises 56 ethnic groups
Hans Chinese - 91.6%
Zhuang 1.3%
Uyghur, Tibetan, Mongol, Korean, Kazakh when combined 7.1%

Question 11

economic power defintion + case study

Answer 11

A state’s economic power is often determined by figures such

south china sea

Question 12

military power define + case study

Answer 12

Refers to the use of a state’s military to exert influence over the actions of other global actors.

south china sea

Question 13

hard power define + case study

Answer 13

Refers to the power exercised through incentive or coercion to influence the actions of other global actors. This is most commonly exercised through diplomatic, military and economic forms.

Uyghur people in education camps. Physical torture and psychological torture.

Question 14

soft power + case studies

Answer 14

Refers to the ability of one global actor to shape the actions of other international actors via attraction, with the absence of incentive or coercion. This can be achieved in various way

Confucius Institute - soft power - rases China’s international standing
Anti-corruption campaign
Belt and road - connect inter global trading route

Question 15

diplomatic power define + case studies

Answer 15

It is the legal authority bestowed by a government onto an individual or group of individuals to represent the state in diplomatic negotiations. These may include drafting and executing treaties, agreements, accords, etc

Belt and Road Initiative. Fostering economic ties with numerous countries on the global stage.

Question 16

cultural power define + case studies

Answer 16

Refers to a desirable and transportable culture that states can use to achieve ends that might not be achieved through military and political means. It is often linked to soft power and may influence regional relationships and international standing.

Confucius Institute - soft power - rases China’s international standing

Question 17

political party define + case study

Answer 17

Refers to the use of a state’s internal political machinery to exert influence over the actions of others. For example, legislation, executive orders, and white papers.
Uyghurs

Question 18

grey zone power

Answer 18

are coercive statecraft actions short of war. The grey zone is a mainly non-military domain of human activity in which states use national resources to deliberately coerce other states.

Question 19

sharp power

Answer 19

the use of manipulative diplomatic policies by one country to influence and undermine the political system of a target country.

Question 20

diplomacy FPI define + case study/NI

Answer 20

Refers to the ability to conduct effective negotiations between states without arousing hostility.

SCO
NI - regional relationships, security (terrorism)

Question 21

trade FPI define + case study/NIs

Answer 21

Refers to the manipulation of the exchange of goods, services, labour and capital to influence the actions of another state.
RCEP
NI - economic prosperity

Question 22

miltiary FPI casestudy+NI

Answer 22

Military as a foreign policy instrument refers to the military capacity of a state and how this is utilised to achieve its foreign policy objectives. The capacity will depend on the amount of money spent on the military, the type and calibre of weapons available

South China Sea
NI: security, economic prosperity

Question 23

aid FPI + casestudy/NI

Answer 23

Refers to the provision of assistance, predominantly monetary, to global actors to influence their decisions and actions to achieve a specific aim.
Aid to Cambodia
International standing, regional relationships

Question 24

sovereignty

Answer 24

the legitimacy or widely recognised ability to effectively control a territory with recognised borders.

Question 25

national interests

Answer 25

the interest of a nation as a whole held to be an independent entity separate from the interests of subordinate areas or groups and also of other nations or supranational groups

Question 26

power

Answer 26

the ability of one actor to influence the actions of another global actor. Power can be exercised in a range of types and forms.

Question 27

security

Answer 27

Traditionally this term refers to the protection of a state’s borders from intruders and the maintenance of sovereignty, most commonly achieved through the use of military power. It has now evolved to include softer forms of security, such as access to resources and the protection of the environment.

Question 28

idealism

Answer 28

Refers to the school of thought in which foreign policy is influenced above all else by ideological or moral principles as opposed to practical considerations.

Question 29

pragmatism

Answer 29

Refers to the school of thought in which foreign policy (or pursuit of NIs) is influenced about all else by practical considerations as opposed to a particular ideology.

Question 30

foreign policy

Answer 30

These are strategies and activities that the state uses when dealing with other state and non-state actors these external relationships are guided by the national interest.