U3: 1. FAILD

Question 1

Frustrated Proletariat

Answer 1

58% of the urban working class were literate and educated
2.5% of the Russian population were urban workers (3 million)
Cholera epidemic occurred triannually - killed 30,000 people in 1908
Six 13 hour work days a week
Average of sixteen people sharing each apartment in Saint Petersburg with six people per room in 1904 (no running water and building piles of human waste)

Question 2

Frustrated Proletariat - Historians

Answer 2

Corin - “…militant and posed a real threat to authorities”
Carr - “…subject to almost unlimited exploitation, provided fertile soil for revolutionary propaganda.”
Figes - “…worse than horses”
Figes - “the build-up of a large and discontented working class.”

Question 3

Alienated Nationalities

Answer 3

1881 - 1882 anti-Jewish violence is reported in more than 200 Jewish settlements
A force of 300,000 soldiers was kept in Poland to keep the country under control
Jews formed their own ‘Bund’ in 1897

Question 4

Alienated Nationalities - Historians

Answer 4

Corin - “…a monstrously unfair policy”
Corin - “ranks of revolutionaries”

Question 5

Incompetent Tsar

Answer 5

During his coronation 1,400 Russians were trampled to death in a stampede at Khondakya Field.
Nicholas regardless went on to party with French Ambassadors.
Determined to preserve the “principle of autocracy” (Tsar Nicholas II)

Question 6

Incompetent Tsar - Historians

Answer 6

Lieven - “…whose imperial crown seemed to crush him to the ground.”
Lieven - “…These traumatic years…would probably have destroyed any man who sat on the throne.”
Figes - “Nicholas was the source of all the problems.”

Question 7

Landless Peasants

Answer 7

77% of the Russian population were peasants
400,000 peasants died in 1891 largely due to starvation
1906 - 3,000 manors were destroyed in response to bad conditions
Nobility made up 1% of the population but owned 25% of the land

Question 8

Landless Peasants - Historians

Answer 8

Corin / Fiehn - “…virtually owned by their masters, the nobility.”
Carr - “…a widespread revolt of peasants…extremely bitter and violent.”

Question 9

Disenfranchised Intelligentsia

Answer 9

The disenfranchised intelligentsia was made up of individuals from a variety of backgrounds, including writers, artists, and intellectuals who were not part of the ruling elite.
They were often critical of the government and the social system, and they sought to challenge the status quo and bring about change.
The Russian intelligentsia were “very rapidly stimulated and drawn into the unfolding events of 1905 and 1906”. (Read, J.)

Question 10

Pillars of Autocracy

Answer 10

The Okhrana had exiled 300,000 people to Siberia by 1900
Army was used 2700 times by Witte to silence local uprisings from Jan to Oct 1906
Russian Orthodox Catechism - “obey … the Tsar”

Question 11

Loyal Army

Answer 11

September 26th: Cossack soldiers open fire on protestors in Moscow; ten people die.
October 1st-November 26th: An uprising of several thousand military personnel at a naval base in Sevastopol, Ukraine. It is eventually crushed by troops loyal to the tsar.
December 15th-19th: Tsarist troops crush Moscow uprising, killing hundreds