U2T5 - Keywords

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

AKA biological diversity. Describes the variety of life. Number + variety of organisms in an area.

Question 2

Species Diversity

Answer 2

Num of diff species + individuals of each species within a community. Includes species richness + diversity index.

Question 3

Species Richness

Answer 3

Num of diff species in an area. More species = richer. Takes no account of num of individuals of each species.

Question 4

Simpson’s Diversity Index

Answer 4

Takes num of diff species + individuals present into account.

Question 5

Ecosystem/Habitat Diversity

Answer 5

Diversity of habitats/ecosystems within an area/the biosphere. Region with wide habitat variety is preferable + includes greater species diversity. e.g. countryside with ponds, river, woodland etc.

Question 6

Habitat

Answer 6

Place where an organism lives. e.g. pond, leaf on tree.

Question 7

Ecosystem

Answer 7

Community of organisms + how they interact with each other + their environment. Forms a balanced self-sufficient ecological unit, with its own characteristic pattern of energy flow + nutrient cycling. e.g. forests, ponds, lakes, oceans.

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

All members of same species in given area at given time. e.g. bluebells in wood, world population.

Question 9

Community

Answer 9

All populations (living organisms) which live in given area at given time. e.g. woodland community. (all living organisms in wood)

Question 10

Genetic Diversity

Answer 10

Genetic variability of a species. Measured by genetic fingerprinting/observing differences in physical features of organisms within a population. More adapted = higher diversity.

Question 11

EIA

Answer 11

Environmental Impact Assessment

Question 12

Taxonomy

Answer 12

Grouping organisms on account of their ancestral relationships among living organisms. Study of classification. Science of naming, describing + classifying organisms.

Question 13

Species

Answer 13

A group of individuals of common ancestry that closely resemble each other + are normally capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.

Question 14

Classification

Answer 14

Arrangement of organisms into groups.

Question 15

Taxon

Answer 15

Group in taxonomy (increasing size)

Question 16

Nomenclature

Answer 16

Scientific naming of organisms using binomial system.

Question 17

Systematics

Answer 17

Placing organisms in groups based on similarities + differences.

Question 18

Kingdom

Answer 18

A group of related phyla. e.g animalia (humans/polar bear) Largest group.

Question 19

Phylum

Answer 19

A group of related class. e.g. chordata (humans/polar bear) Organisms constructed in a similar plan. Plants are classified into divisions rather than phyla.

Question 20

Class

Answer 20

A group of related orders within a phylum. e.g. mammalia (humans/polar bear)

Question 21

Order

Answer 21

A group of related families e.g. primates/carnivora (humans/polar bear)

Question 22

Family

Answer 22

A group of related genera. e.g. homonidae/ursidae (humans/polar bear)

Question 23

Genus

Answer 23

A group of similar + closely related species. e.g. homo/ursus (humans/polar bear)

Question 24

Species

Answer 24

A group of individuals of common ancestry that closely resemble each other + are normally capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring. e.g. sapiens/maritimus (humans/polar bear)

Question 25

Morphology

Answer 25

External features. e.g. Limbs/shell colour

Question 26

Anatomy

Answer 26

Internal features. e.g. Backbone

Question 27

Cell Structure

Answer 27

Difference between prokaryotes + eukaryotes. Differences between plant, animal + fungal cells.

Question 28

Biochemistry

Answer 28

DNA, RNA + protein. Can determine length of time since 2 species shared common ancestor + degree of change help us establish molecular clock.

Question 29

Phylogenetic Taxonomy/Phylogeny

Answer 29

Classifying species + larger groups according to their ancestral relationships (Same species evolved from a common ancestor)

Question 30

Endosymbiotic Theory

Answer 30

Discusses how life evolved from prokaryotes.

Question 31

Filamentous Organisms

Answer 31

Where cells are joined end to end (green seaweed)

Question 32

Multicellular Organisms

Answer 32

Limited differentiation (brown seaweed)

Question 33

Hyphae

Answer 33

Long filaments which group to form a mycelium. Frequently multinucleated + not clearly divided into separate cells.

Question 34

Mycelium

Answer 34

Hyphal network.

Question 35

Lysotropes/saprophytes

Answer 35

Fungi feed by decomposing dead matter. Secrete hydrolytic enzymes into soil by exocytosis, enzymes digest organic material in soil, absorb digestive products + this is extracellular digestion as enzymes work outside cell.

Question 36

Autotrophs

Answer 36

Photosynthesising organisms which make complex organic compounds from simple inorganic compounds.

Question 37

Heterotrophs

Answer 37

Consume food + digest it.

Question 38

3 Domain Model

Answer 38

Classifies living things under 3 domains/super kingdoms. Prokaryotes, eukaryotes or archaea. Each has unique rRNA.

Question 39

Environment

Answer 39

The conditions that affect organisms in a habitat. Determines type of habitat that can develop + species living there. Abiotic + biotic.

Question 40

Biosphere

Answer 40

The part of the Earth + its atmosphere that’s inhabited by living organisms.

Question 41

Microhabitats

Answer 41

Very small habitats. e.g. individual leaf on a tree.

Question 42

Ecological Niche

Answer 42

Organism’s role within ecosystem. What it feeds on, where it lives, climatic + edaphic factors it prefers + competition.