U2.2 Flashcards
This is also known as natural, innate, native, and constitutive defense
Non-Specific Defense
Characteristics of non-specific defense:
1. It provides a _____________________ against any foreign substance. The non-specific defense protects the body from any foreign substance however, it does not discriminate among them.
generalized protection
Characteristics of non-specific defense:
- It is present at ________ hence the terms natural, innate, and native. The non-specific defense is __________ as part of the structure and function of an individual. It is active and present even before exposure to foreign substances. It is responds immediate and acts very fast.
birth; inherited
Characteristics of non-specific defense:
- It is not enhanced by repeated ________ to the same foreign substance.
exposure
Nonspecific Defense: First or Second line of defense?
- the body’s protection at the site of entry of the
foreign substance
First line of defense
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: What are the several mechaniunder it?
- Anatomic Barriers
- Physiologic Barriers
- Mechanical Barriers
- Host’s protective mechanism
First line of defense: What mechanism? Anatomical, physiologic, mechanical, or host’s protective mechanism?
- physical barriers that prevent the entry and invasion of foreign substances. It consists of the intact skin and mucous membranes that line the respiratory tract (RT), the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the genitourinary tract (GUT), and the conjunctiva. Intact skin and mucous membranes keeps the vast majority of microorganisms out of the body by preventing microbial attachment through:
a. epiglottis
b. sphincters in the GIT and GUT
c. length of the male urethra
Anatomic Barriers
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Anatomic barriers: What feature or part?
- a flap of tissue that during swallowing, covers the opening leading to the lower respiratory tract.
Epiglottis
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Anatomic barriers: What feature or part?
- prevents reflux or back flow of materials from the intestines and the urinary bladder.
Sphincters in the GIT and GUT
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Anatomic barriers: What feature or part?
- puts more distance between the bladder and the external source of microbes.
length of the male urethra
First line of defense: What mechanism? Anatomical, physiologic, mechanical, or host’s protective mechanism?
- consists of the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, genito-urinary tract
Physiologic Barrier
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the body?
- sebum, sweat, low pH, low water
Skin
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the skin?
- contains fatty acids which are antimicrobials
Sebum
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the skin?
- consists of antimicrobial concentration of salts and lysozyme which dissolves peptidoglycan layer of bacteria
Sweat
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the skin?
- is a poor environment for microbial population
low pH
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the skin?
- its content creates poor environment for
proliferation
low water
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the body?
- The epithelium contains goblet cells that secrete mucus containing lysozyme
Respiratory tract
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the body?
- Gastric juice contains a mixture of hydrochloric acid, proteolytic enzymes , and mucus; and is very acidic (ph 2 to 3), sufficient to destroy most organisms and their toxins.
Gastrointestinal tract
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the body?
- The low pH of urine and vaginal secretions oppose growth of microbes. Secretions of the tract contain lysozyme.
Genito-Urinary tract
First line of defense: What mechanism? Anatomical, physiologic, mechanical, or host’s protective mechanism?
- The first line of defense consists of mechanisms that continuously remove microbes from attachment site.
- skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, genito-urinary tract
Mechanical barriers
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Mechanical barriers: What part of the body?
- Epithelial sloughing removes surface microbes
Skin
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Mechanical barriers: What part of the body?
- nasal hair, ciliated mucosa, neurological sensitivity of the nasal mucosa, neurological sensitivity of the trachea, gastrointestinal tract, and genito-urinary tract
Respiratory tract
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Mechanical barriers: What part of the respiratory tract?
- traps particle in mucus
Nasal hair
Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Mechanical barriers: What part of the respiratory tract?
- traps particles in air mucous which is propelled out of the respiratory tract
Ciliated mucosa
