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8221 - M3 > U2.2 > Flashcards

U2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

This is also known as natural, innate, native, and constitutive defense

A

Non-Specific Defense

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2
Q

Characteristics of non-specific defense:
1. It provides a _____________________ against any foreign substance. The non-specific defense protects the body from any foreign substance however, it does not discriminate among them.

A

generalized protection

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3
Q

Characteristics of non-specific defense:

  1. It is present at ________ hence the terms natural, innate, and native. The non-specific defense is __________ as part of the structure and function of an individual. It is active and present even before exposure to foreign substances. It is responds immediate and acts very fast.
A

birth; inherited

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4
Q

Characteristics of non-specific defense:

  1. It is not enhanced by repeated ________ to the same foreign substance.
A

exposure

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5
Q

Nonspecific Defense: First or Second line of defense?

  • the body’s protection at the site of entry of the
    foreign substance
A

First line of defense

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6
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: What are the several mechaniunder it?

A
  1. Anatomic Barriers
  2. Physiologic Barriers
  3. Mechanical Barriers
  4. Host’s protective mechanism
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7
Q

First line of defense: What mechanism? Anatomical, physiologic, mechanical, or host’s protective mechanism?

  • physical barriers that prevent the entry and invasion of foreign substances. It consists of the intact skin and mucous membranes that line the respiratory tract (RT), the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the genitourinary tract (GUT), and the conjunctiva. Intact skin and mucous membranes keeps the vast majority of microorganisms out of the body by preventing microbial attachment through:
    a. epiglottis
    b. sphincters in the GIT and GUT
    c. length of the male urethra
A

Anatomic Barriers

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8
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Anatomic barriers: What feature or part?

  • a flap of tissue that during swallowing, covers the opening leading to the lower respiratory tract.
A

Epiglottis

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9
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Anatomic barriers: What feature or part?

  • prevents reflux or back flow of materials from the intestines and the urinary bladder.
A

Sphincters in the GIT and GUT

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10
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Anatomic barriers: What feature or part?

  • puts more distance between the bladder and the external source of microbes.
A

length of the male urethra

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11
Q

First line of defense: What mechanism? Anatomical, physiologic, mechanical, or host’s protective mechanism?

  • consists of the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, genito-urinary tract
A

Physiologic Barrier

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12
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the body?

  • sebum, sweat, low pH, low water
A

Skin

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13
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the skin?

  • contains fatty acids which are antimicrobials
A

Sebum

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14
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the skin?

  • consists of antimicrobial concentration of salts and lysozyme which dissolves peptidoglycan layer of bacteria
A

Sweat

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15
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the skin?

  • is a poor environment for microbial population
A

low pH

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16
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the skin?

  • its content creates poor environment for
    proliferation
A

low water

17
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the body?

  • The epithelium contains goblet cells that secrete mucus containing lysozyme
A

Respiratory tract

18
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the body?

  • Gastric juice contains a mixture of hydrochloric acid, proteolytic enzymes , and mucus; and is very acidic (ph 2 to 3), sufficient to destroy most organisms and their toxins.
A

Gastrointestinal tract

19
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Physiologic barriers: What part of the body?

  • The low pH of urine and vaginal secretions oppose growth of microbes. Secretions of the tract contain lysozyme.
A

Genito-Urinary tract

20
Q

First line of defense: What mechanism? Anatomical, physiologic, mechanical, or host’s protective mechanism?

  • The first line of defense consists of mechanisms that continuously remove microbes from attachment site.
  • skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, genito-urinary tract
A

Mechanical barriers

21
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Mechanical barriers: What part of the body?

  • Epithelial sloughing removes surface microbes
A

Skin

22
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Mechanical barriers: What part of the body?

  • nasal hair, ciliated mucosa, neurological sensitivity of the nasal mucosa, neurological sensitivity of the trachea, gastrointestinal tract, and genito-urinary tract
A

Respiratory tract

23
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Mechanical barriers: What part of the respiratory tract?

  • traps particle in mucus
A

Nasal hair

24
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Mechanical barriers: What part of the respiratory tract?

  • traps particles in air mucous which is propelled out of the respiratory tract
A

Ciliated mucosa

25
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Mechanical barriers: What part of the respiratory tract?

  • discharges particles form the upper respiratory tract through sneezing
A

Neurological sensitivity of the nasal mucosa

26
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Mechanical barriers: What part of the respiratory tract?

  • discharges particles from the lower respiratory tract through coughing.
A

Neurological sensitivity of the trachea

27
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Mechanical barriers: What part of the respiratory tract?

  • Peristalsis or the rhythmic contraction of the intestine results to expulsion of unattached microbes out of the GIT.
A

Gastrointestinal tract

28
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Mechanical barriers: What part of the respiratory tract?

  • i. Flow of urine flushes away microbes
  • ii. Epithelial sloughing sheds attached microbes
A

Genito-Urinary tract

29
Q

First line of defense: What mechanism? Anatomical, physiologic, mechanical, or host’s protective mechanism?

  • Microbial antagonism is the prevention of colonization of microbial pathogens by the normal flora of a given anatomic site.
A

Host’s protective mechanism

30
Q

Non-Specific Defense: First line of defense: Mechanical barriers

  • ________________________ is the prevention of colonization of microbial pathogens by the normal flora of a given anatomic site.
A

Microbial antagonism

8221 - M3 (11 decks)

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