U2 restart Flashcards
definition of a team
2 or more people interacting interdependently to achieve a common goal
stage model of team development
- states teams develop through stages
- forming
- storming
- norming
-preforming - adjourning
criticisms of the stage model
- people don’t move through stages linearly
- different groups have different time frames
- overemphasis on conflict
- limited empirical support
punctuated equilibrium model of team development
how teams with deadline are affecting by meetings and transitions
- phase1 = first meeting, little progress
- midpoint transition = accelerated activity
- phase 2 = decisions and approach play out
criticism of the punctuated equilibrium model
- only works for groups with deadlines
- some groups are more steady
what does IPO stand for
- input
- process
- output
ideal team composition (input)
- highly skilled members
- high agreeablness
- greater preference for team work
- similar attitudes
ideal team size (input)
4 or 5
as groups become larger they suffer _________ _________
progress losses
additive task
performance is dependent on sum of individual performances
disjunctive task
performance is dependent on best member
conjunctive task
performance is limited by worst member
ideal task design (input)
- tasks are engaging and rewarding
- tasks have more independence
social loafing
tendency for individuals to expend less effort when wokring in a group then working individually
two theories as to why social loafing occurs
free rider theory (desire to benefit from effort of others)
sucker effect theory (match low level of others)
how to counteract social loafing
- make individual performance more visible
- increase performance feedback
- reward group performance
most important stage of IPO
process
communication (process)
- about of info
- extent of participation
- extent to which individuals reach out for further info
team cohesion (process)
- degree to which members like and trust each other
- group homogeneity (homo = alike hetero = different)
factors that contribute to team cohesion
- size
- stability if membership
- threat and competition to team
- difficult entry to team
- success of team
if a team has high cohesion and they are task commitment they will have very ______ performance if they have low task commitment they will have very ________ performance
high
low
team conflict
conflict due to differences in status, power, etc.
relationship conflict
conflict due to interpersonal relationships
whatis measured when evaluating team performance (output)
- productivity
- performance rating/wuality
- number of errors
evaluation member reactions (output)
- member satisfaction
- desire to work together in the future
how to enhance effectiveness of group
- enhance member selection
- input an organizational reward system
- team development intervention
collective efficacy
group’s perception of its ability to successfully perform well
informal vs formal work groups
informal - outside of work
formal - in
what happens when groups have too much cohesion
- members change beliefs
- groupthink
- lower productivity
what is collective efficacy influenced by
- watching others
- verbal persuasion
- how an individual feels
process loss
any aspect of group interaction that inhibits group functioning
types of team tasks
- production tasks
- idea generating
- problem solving
task interdependence
degree that team members are dependent on each other to get info/support/materials
pooled interdependence
work independently then combine efforts to create team output
sequential interdependence
one persons output becomes another input
reciprocal interdependence
working together and using best ideas
outcome interdependence
rewards individual receives are based on performance from others
types of team roles
- task
- social
- boundary spanning
