U2: Perception Processes 1: Visual Recognition Flashcards
set of processes by which we recognize, organize and make sense of the sensations we receive
Perception
an actual object existing in the external environment
Distal stimulus
information captured by your sensory receptors
Proximal stimulus
-objects that are close to one another appears to form groups; even if the shape, size or object is different
Principle of Proximity
-objects that physically resemble each other are perceived as a part of the same object and stimuli that are different, as a part of different object
Principle of Similarity
-when there is an intersection between 2 or more objects, we tend to perceive each object as a whole single, uninterrupted object
Principle of Continuity
-mind’s tendency to see complete figures even if the picture is incomplete, partially hidden or a part of information needed to make sense is missing
Principle of Closure
-objects seen in a way that makes them appear as simple as possible
Principle of Simplicity/ Law of Pragnanz
-elements that move together will be grouped together
Principle of Common Fate
When brain interprets information from external environment and builds a coherent understanding
Bottom-up Processing
When brain uses prior knowledge, expectations and existing cognitive frameworks to interpret and make sense of the input
Top-down Processing
You compare a stimulus with a set of templates that you have stored in memory. After comparing, you note the template that matches the stimulus
Template- Matching Theory
Explains how we perceive and reorganize objects by breaking them down into their individual elements
Feature- Analysis Theory
-Irving Biederman
explains how humans recognize 3D objects from 2D retinal images, here objects are reorganized by analyzing their geons
Recognition- By Components Theory
When we fail to notice significant changes in the visual environment, even when the changes are occurring in front of their eyes
Change blindness
(error in object recognition)
