U1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Question 1

___ has 2 meanings:
a. a synonym for cognition
b. a theoretical approach to psychology

Answer 1

Cognitive Psychology

Question 2

___ laid the foundation for cognitive psychology

Answer 2

Aristotle

Question 3

-1st psychology lab in Germany
-studied mental processes
- contribution: introspection

Answer 3

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 4

-human memory
-nonsense syllables

Answer 4

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 5

• recency effect
• 1st women of APA

Answer 5

Mary Calkins

Question 6

-Principles of Psychology
-delved into the everyday psychological experiences
-active and inquisitive nature of human mind

Answer 6

William James

Question 7

-focused on measurable and observable reactions to a stimuli
-an antimentalist
-emphasized on the use of operational definitions & controlled experiments

Answer 7

John B. Watson

Question 8

-emphasize that humans have basic tendencies to actively organize what we see
-whole is greater than the sum of its parts
-rejected introspection and gave importance to problem-solving

Answer 8

Gestalt Psychology

Question 9

-chimpanzee sultan stacking sticks to reach a banana placed far away

Answer 9

Kohler’s study

Question 10

-Remembering: An experimental and social study book
-rejected controlled experiment of Ebbinghaus
-discovered systematic errors
-human memory is active, constructive. We interpret and transform information
-emphasis on schema-based approach

Answer 10

Fredric Bartlett

Question 11

-1956
-cognitive revolution

Answer 11

Emergence of modern cognitive psychology

Question 12

-stated that humans have an inborn ability to master all the complicated and varied aspects of language

Answer 12

Chomsky

Question 13

sensory memory- STM- LTM
(2 secs) (30 secs) (forever)

Answer 13

Information processing approach

Question 14

-investigates the cognitive processes involved in our social interactions

Answer 14

Social cognitive neuroscience

Question 15

-destruction of brain tissue due to stroke, tumors, accidents or sometimes done purposefully

Answer 15

Brain lesions

Question 16

-assess blood flow to the brain
- radioactive substance injected into the bloodstream
-limited precision
-cannot capture real time movements
-rarely used due to cost and radioactive exposure

Answer 16

Positron Emission Tomography

Question 17

-measures oxygen levels in blood
-doughnut shaped magnetized chamber
-non invasive
-precise
-can detect subtle changes
-cannot indicated exact order of visual task and motor task

Answer 17

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 18

-measures electrical activity
-places electrodes on the scalp
-records electrical activity of CLUSTER of neurons

Answer 18

Event related technique

Question 19

-measures electrical of a SINGLE neuron
-provides insights of visual pattern recognition

Answer 19

Single cell recording technique

Question 20

-cognitive process work like a computer
-capable of symbol comparison

Answer 20

Computer Metaphor

Question 21

-focuses on achieving a task as efficiently as possible

Answer 21

Pure AI

Question 22

a system that closely resembles the way humans actually perform specific cognitive tasks

Answer 22

Computer Simulation

Question 23

-McClelland and Rumelhart
-hypothesizes that cognitive processes can be comprehended through interconnected networks of neuron like units
-suggests that multiple operations can occur simultaneously
-information is distributed among thousands of neurons within a region

Answer 23

Parallel Distributing Processing Approach

Question 24

-seeks to understand the nature of mind and cognitive processes
-focus on how mind processes and represents information, contribution to perception, learning, underlying mechanisms, structures and functions

Answer 24

Cognitive Science