U2-Mass Transport Systems

Question 0

The Renal vein travels away from which organ?

Answer 0

Kidneys

Question 1

The Renal artery supplies which organ?

Answer 1

Kidneys

Question 2

The pulmonary artery travels towards which organ?

Answer 2

The lungs

Question 3

The pulmonary vein travels away from which organ?

Answer 3

The lungs

Question 4

Which artery travels away from the heart and to the body?

Answer 4

Aorta

Question 5

Which vein travels from the body to the heart?

Answer 5

Vena cava

Question 6

Which organ does the coronary artery supply?

Answer 6

The heart muscle

Question 7

The hepatic artery supplies which organ?

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

The hepatic vein travels away from which organ?

Answer 8

Liver

Question 9

What blood vessel takes blood away from the gut, to the liver?

Answer 9

Hepatic Portal vein

Question 10

What are the five main features of a transport system?

Answer 10

Pump
Tubular network (arteries) 
Valves
Transport medium (blood)
System to control quantity (muscle)

Question 11

What is meant by ‘Mass flow’

Answer 11

Substances move at the same rate

Question 12

Which type of blood vessel carries blood from the capillaries back to the heart?

Answer 12

Veins and venuoles

Question 13

What type of blood vessel carries blood to the capillaries from the arteries?

Answer 13

Arterioles

Question 14

Which blood vessel connects arterioles and venuoles?

Answer 14

Capillaries

Question 15

Which type of blood vessel uses a muscle layer and to control blood flow (vasoconstriction/dilation) ?

Answer 15

Arteries and arterioles

Question 16

In a blood vessel (not capillary) what is the function of the tough outer layer?

Answer 16

To prevent bursting/aneurysm

Question 17

In small arteries and arterioles, what is the function of the muscle layer?

Answer 17

Constrict and dilate to control blood flow

Question 18

In arteries what is the function of the elastine layer?

Answer 18

• Maintains pressure

- take surge of blood flow and recoils

Question 19

In a blood vessel what is the function of the squamous endothelium?

Answer 19

• smooth to prevent clotting

- allows gas exchange in the capillary by offering a short diffusion distance

Question 20

How is tissue fluid squeezed out of the capillary?

Answer 20

High hydrostatic pressure caused by surge of blood

Question 21

What leaves the capillaries along with tissue fluid?

Answer 21

O2, glucose, amino acids, vitamins etc

Question 22

Why do the proteins (blood cells) remain in the plasma?

And what affect does this have on re absorption?

Answer 22

They’re too large to fit through the membrane of the squamous endothelium.
This lowers the water potential allowing dome of the fluid to be re absorbed, along with co2 and urea by diffusion
Excess fluid is taken up by the lymphatic system

Question 23

How is the capillary adapted to its function?

Answer 23

Squamous endothelium and close to cells create a short diffusion distance.
Lots of capillaries provide large surface area.
Blood flow maintains the gradient.
Narrow diameter allows red blood cells to run close to the endothelium, shortening the distance and slowing them down, allowing more time for exchange.

Question 24

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 24

A series of blind ending tubes (one way) contains lymph which drains into the blood when it reaches the neck.

• It drains excess tissue fluid
• has a role in body defences
• transports digested fat