U2 Flashcards
most of the supreme courts power comes through
judicial review
judicial branch is established in
article 3
federal judges hold office for how long
for life
what jurisdiciton does federal courts have
original and appellate
where was judicial review established
Marbury v. Madison
legislative branch
makes the law
judicial branch
interpret the law
executive branch
enforce the law
judicial activism
judges make rulings based on their personal views
judicial restraint
judges make rulings based on the law
federal judges are appointed by
the president
Cert – Writ of Certiorari
4 judges must approve to hear a case
order of hearing a case
cert, brief the case, oral arguments, judicial conference, opinions are written
majority opinion
decision agreed upon by majority
concurring opinion
a justice in the majority writes a separate opinion
dissenting opinion
decision held by the minority
stare decisis
the practice of letting previous legal decision stand
Warren and Burger court
oversaw majority of liberal decisions
Rehnquist and Roberts court
oversaw majority of conservative decisions
which house was further from public opinions
senate
senate details
6 year terms, 30 years old, citizen for 9 years
budget bills begin
in the house
what does a conference committee do
bring together members of both houses to agree upon a bill
standing committees
permanent, review and modify bills
joint committees
members of both house and senate, coordinate efforts on each house
select committee
temporary, resolve issues and respond to scandals
primary roles of congress
establishing the national budget, power of the purse
mandatory spending
spending required by law – social security, medicare, medicaid
discretionary spending
programs that congress chooses to spend money on – defense, education
delegate
members should carry out the interests of their citizens
politicio
members should act in the interest of their party
trustee
members should make decisions based on their own judgement
district cracking
dividing strong party support into multiple districts to try and dilute opposition
district packing
condensing strong party support into a single district, so there is less competition
informal powers of president
veto/pocket veto, commander in chief of military, make treaties
formal powers of president
execuitve agreements, barrgaining and persuasion, execuitve orders, signing statements
signing statements
statement written by the president to clarify their interpretation of the law when signing it in
executive privilege
prevents presidential reasoning from being shared to congress, courts, public
unitary executive theory
executive power is in one president
bureaucracy
agencies within the executive branch that carry out the laws of the nation
examples of bureaucracy agencies
IRS, social security
political patronage
granting favors of making appointments in return for support
Pendleton Act
promotes perfessionalism, specialization, and neautrality in the bureaucracy
iron triangle
coordinated activities of congress, interest groups, and bureaucracy to achieve shared policy goals
pork barrel legislation
funding for a local project in a larger bill
logrolling
combining several pieces of legislation into one bill in order to secure enough votes
