U2-1 - Fuels

Question 1

Fuel

Answer 1

A substance that can be burned to release energy.

Question 2

Another word for burning is …

Answer 2

combustion.

Question 3

During combustion, fuels combine with …

Answer 3

oxygen.

Question 4

Is combustion exothermic or endothermic?

Answer 4

Exothermic

Question 5

Exothermic reaction

Answer 5

A reaction which gives out energy the surroundings.

Question 6

What are the 3 parts of the fire triangle?

Answer 6

Question 7

How do you stop a fire?

Answer 7

Remove at least one part of the fire trangle (oxygen, heat or fuel).

Question 8

Name the 3 types of fossil fuels

Answer 8

Coal, oil and (natural) gas

Question 9

Crude oil is a mixture of mainly …

Answer 9

hydrocarbons.

Question 10

Hydrocarbon

Answer 10

A compound which contains only hydrogen and carbon.

Question 11

Oil fraction

Answer 11

A group of compounds with similar boiling points (found in crude oil).

Question 12

The process used to separate crude oil into fractions based on their boiling point.

Answer 12

Fractional distillation

Question 13

Fractional distillation

Answer 13

The process used to separate crude oil into fractions based on their boiling point.

Question 14

Fractional distillation:

There is a ……… inside a fractionating column (hot at the bottom, cold at the top). Gases go up the tower, condense into liquids at different temperatures and can be piped off.

Answer 14

Fractional distillation:

There is a temperature gradient inside a fractionating column (hot at the bottom, cold at the top). Gases go up the tower, condense into liquids at different temperatures and can be piped off.

Question 15

Fractional distillation:

There is a temperature gradient inside a fractionating column (hot at the bottom, cold at the top). Gases go up the tower, ………… into liquids at different temperatures and can be piped off.

Answer 15

Fractional distillation:

There is a temperature gradient inside a fractionating column (hot at the bottom, cold at the top). Gases go up the tower, condense into liquids at different temperatures and can be piped off.

Question 16

Fractional distillation:

There is a temperature gradient inside a fractionating column (hot at the bottom, cold at the top). Gases go up the tower, condense into liquids at different ………. and can be piped off.

Answer 16

Fractional distillation:

There is a temperature gradient inside a fractionating column (hot at the bottom, cold at the top). Gases go up the tower, condense into liquids at different temperatures and can be piped off.

Question 17

There are weak forces between molecules which hold them together. The larger the molecules, the ….. the forces.

Answer 17

There are weak forces between molecules which hold them together. The larger the molecules, the stronger the forces.

Question 18

Viscous

Answer 18

Thick liquid (e.g. golden syrup)

Question 19

Volatile

Answer 19

Evaporates easily

(evaporates = turns into a gas)

Question 20

Complete combustion:

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen ⟶ ….. + …..

Answer 20

Complete combustion:

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen ⟶ Carbon dioxide + Water

Question 21

Incomplete combustion:

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen ⟶ ….. + …..

Answer 21

Incomplete combustion:

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen ⟶ Carbon monoxide + Water

Question 22

When does complete combustion occur?

Answer 22

When there is a plentiful supply of oxygen.

Question 23

When does incomplete combustion occur?

Answer 23

When there is a limited supply of oxygen.

Question 24

Chemical test for water

Answer 24

Cobalt chloride paper turns from blue to pink

Question 25

Chemical test for carbon dioxide

Answer 25

Limewater turns from clear to cloudy

Question 26

Besides carbon monoxide, what else can be formed during incomplete combustion?

Answer 26

Soot (carbon)

Question 27

Plant-based material which can be burned as fuels.

(E.g. wood, dried animal dung or crop waste)

Answer 27

Biomass

Question 28

Biofuels

Answer 28

Fuels made from biomass.

Question 29

Give an example of a biofuel

Answer 29

Any one of:

bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas.

Question 30

The series of processes that recycles carbon between the atmosphere, the Earth and living organisms.

Answer 30

Carbon cycle

Question 31

The process used to remove carbon dioxide from emissions.

Answer 31

Carbon capture