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Buddhism > U1T2 3 marks 5 khandas > Flashcards

U1T2 3 marks 5 khandas Flashcards

1
Q

The three marks of existence

A

anicca - impermanence
anatta - no permanent self or soul
dukkha - suffering

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2
Q

nature of the three marks of existence

A

characteristics of all HUMAN life that are always present

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3
Q

purpose of understand the three marks of existence

A

remove attachment to existence by removing delusions, the misunderstanding that existence is permanent, is pleasant, and has something to do with the self

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4
Q

the Buddha’s Deer Park Sermon

A

birth is suffering, ageing is suffering … association with what is loathed is suffering, dissociation from the loved is suffering … the categories affected by clinging are suffering

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5
Q

the idea of anicca and its relationship with dukkha

A

idea that everything is dependent on causes and conditions, therefore everything changes

causes dukkha as we become attached to things we expect to remain unchanged, and then struggle to accept when they do change

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6
Q

the only permanent rest from change

A

nibbana

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7
Q

The Ship of Theseus

A

a ship preserved by the Athenians by taking away the old planks as they decayed and replacing them with new planks. If it is fully replaced in this way, is it still the same ship? At what point does it stop being the same ship?

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8
Q

sankhara-dukkha

A

dissatisfaction with life rather than a distinct problem; sense that life is meaningless; frustration at limits of being human; existential suffering and angst

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9
Q

dukkha-dukka

A

suffering we see around us all the time - things that are directly painful - physical pain, death, watching others suffer

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10
Q

viparinmana-dukkha

A

mental suffering from pleasant situations due to inability to accept change and impermanence

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11
Q

theistic criticism of Buddhist doctrine of impermanence

A

God or other spiritual things such as the soul are permanent

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12
Q

materialistic criticism of Buddhist doctrine of impermanence:

A

point of life is to struggle against changing material things rather than accept it. too much acceptance of death is passive or morbid

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13
Q

poet Dylan Thomas: materialistic objection to Buddhist doctrine of impermanence

A

do not go gentle into that good night, but rage, rage against the dying of the light

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14
Q

the Buddha: what are humans

A

the coming together of the kandhas, all of which are changing

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15
Q

origination of anatta

A

based on rejection of the Hindu belief humans have an atman which is permanent and unchanged which moves between lives, but is affected by the karma - the Buddha said this belief does not make logical sense

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16
Q

materialist

A

person who supports theory that nothing exists except matter and its movement and modifications

17
Q

monist

A

person who supports theory that denies the existence of a distinction or duality in a particular sphere eg between matter and mind or between god and the world

18
Q

dualist

A

person who supports theory that regards a domain of reality in terms of two independent principles, especially mind and matter

19
Q

why you cannot be enlightened without accepting anatta

A

belief in a separate self means you seek your own good rather than that of others and remain ignorant of the true nature of existence

20
Q

relationship discovered by the Buddha during period of asceticism

A

our physical, mental, spiritual aspects all affect one another

21
Q

Buddhist definition of ‘self’

A

simply a label to describe the current state of our psychophysical unity

22
Q

Nagasena and the chariot

A

analogy used to explain anatta. the wheels, axels, and all other parts of a chariot are not the chariot. ‘chariot’ is a designation for something conceptual - a combination of different parts and functions

23
Q

Huntington Jr: how to ‘see things as they are’

A

unearth our hidden assumptions about existence, and notice how they contradict the reality of actual experience

24
Q

Huntington Jr: what anicca means

A

there are no stable, well-defined ‘things’ or ‘people’, only a ceaseless, ungraspable stream of events’

25
Q

Huntington Jr: why things appear stable

A

most change happens slowly, below the level of normal perception

26
Q

Huntington Jr: death as the paradigm of all change

A

people are dying constantly, everywhere, but we don’t notice it (or try not to), however a sense of relief comes from encountering and accepting it as a universal truth

27
Q

Huntington Jr: what anatta means

A

appearance of an unchangeable, individual agent is the construction of a mind infused with desire and fear. I too am nothing but a mental construct, a phantom’s mask covering the reality of change

28
Q

Huntington Jr: errors with the assumption that ‘I am the agent of my thoughts and actions’ (3)

A
  • if control of body, why susceptible to ageing, death, disease
  • if control thoughts, why dwell on painful things
  • do not consciously control internal functions eg respiration
29
Q

Huntington Jr: comparing things inside vs outside ‘me’

A

line between them ultimately false. all things inner and outer are simply happening without my assistance, spontaneously arising and passing away

30
Q

‘avidya’ as defined in the Dhammacakka Sutta

A

ignorance, disillusioned understanding of the world and happiness
what dukkha stems from

31
Q

Huntington Jr definition of dukkha

A

no english word captures the full range of meaning of dukkha. dukkha is a subtle, all-pervasive dis-ease.

32
Q

Huntington Jr with reference to Freud on denial of cause of dukkha

A

humans deny things that make us happy will end and cause suffering. this denial exacts a psychological toll (Freud).

33
Q

Huntington Jr: the essence of Buddhist wisdom

A

seeing that underneath all pleasures, the dark current of dukkha flows polluting everything with the stench of an insatiable hunger and fear

34
Q

Mahayana Lotus Sutta parable of the burning house

A

father lures his children out of a burning house (symbolic of samsara and suffering) by promising them three carts full of toys (symbolic of the three poisons). the children push and shove each other out but find only one jewelled cart pulled by a white ox (symbolic of the dhamma) and learn all forms of desire are a dead end

35
Q

Huntington Jr translation of karuna

A

love - ‘more complex and intimate than a simple feeling of compassion’; ‘surrendering to our dharma’

36
Q

Huntington Jr: the Buddha’s giving voice to the dhamma

A

reminded us of a fundamental truth and helped us adjust our lives accordingly - found a ‘new idiom for an ageless, universal law of self sacrifice’

37
Q

self sacrifice represented by Zen bodhisattvas

A

the bodhisattva vow:
starts with: Sentient beings are numberless; I vow to save them all.
ends with: The Buddha’s way is unattainable; I vow to attain it

Buddhism (2 decks)

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