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Buddhism > U1T1 4 noble truths > Flashcards

U1T1 4 noble truths Flashcards

1
Q

Three Marks of Existence

A

Anicca
Anatta
Dukkha

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2
Q

Anicca

A

impermanence

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3
Q

Anatta

A

no-self

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4
Q

Dukkha

A

life is dissatisfaction / suffering

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5
Q

The Three Refuges

A

The Buddha
The Dhamma
The Sangha

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6
Q

Dhamma

A

teachings / way of life

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7
Q

Sangha

A

the community of Buddhists, both monastic and lay

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8
Q

The Three Poisons

A

the three innate afflictions which cause dissatisfaction / suffering and keep humans in the cycle of samsara

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9
Q

Dosa

A

One of the three poisons:
anger and hatred which results in unskilful actions and in turn negative outcomes for ourselves and others, and avoidance of self awareness through blaming external sources

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10
Q

Moha

A

one of the three poisons:
ignorance to the true nature of things which fuels delusional understandings of nature and therefore unskilful actions and suffering

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11
Q

Lobha

A

one of the three poisons:
the craving of sensual objects or sensations, existence, and non-existence, resulting in ‘unquenchable thirsts’

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12
Q

Dukkha

A

The first noble truth: the diagnosis. suffering / unsatisfactoriness exists

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13
Q

Samudaya

A

second noble truth: the cause. the cause of suffering / unsatisfaction is craving

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14
Q

nirodha

A

third noble truth: the cure. suffering / unsatisfactoriness can be ended

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15
Q

magga

A

fourth noble truth: the treatment. the way to nibbana is through following the Eightfold Path

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16
Q

two types of nibbana

A
  • nibbana in this life
  • final nibbana
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17
Q

nibbana in this life

A

the reaching of enlightenment

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18
Q

final nibbana

A

the escaping of samsara when an enlightened being dies

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19
Q

nibbana / nirvana

A

enlightenment - the ‘blowing out’ of the three poisons

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20
Q

the Buddha’s Fire Sermon

A

describes human experience as ‘ablaze’ with desire - it ‘burns with the pain of unassuaged longing’

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21
Q

Bodhi: magga

A

gives rise to vision, gives rise to knowledge and leads to peace, to direct knowledge, to enlightenment, to nirvana

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22
Q

Keown: attaining nirvana

A

partially through leading a moral life and partially through the wisdom gained by studying the four noble truths

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23
Q

Rinpoche: physical and mental suffering

A
  • physical suffering is a natural aspect of our lives
  • we can learn to transcend mental suffering
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24
Q

Rinpoche: the Four Noble Truths can be thought of as that which is to be…

A

1) comprehended
2) abandoned
3) realised
4) developed

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25
Q

story of Kisagotami

A

Distraught by her son’s death and unable to accept it, Kisagotami is told to see the Buddha. Buddha tells her he has the medicine she needs and to find a few mustard seeds from a family where there has never been a death. She visits many houses and cannot find one that has not experienced death. She realises suffering is inevitable for all and is able to accept the death of her son

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26
Q

Cush: the Eightfold Path

A

the Noble Eightfold Path is the practical manual to living the Buddhist life at all levels

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27
Q

Keown: result of wisdom and ethics

A

through developing wisdom and ethics, one can come to embody the potential of human goodness, hence ending suffering and rebirth

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28
Q

qualities of an enlightened being

A

embodies supreme peace, compassion, and the acceptance of the state of non-self and detachment

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29
Q

the Eightfold Path

A

eight steps set out by the Buddha as a practical guideline to living out the Buddhist life and achieving nibbana

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30
Q

The Threefold Way

A

the three focuses within the Noble Eightfold Path:
- wisdom (panna)
- ethics (sila)
- meditation (samadhi)

31
Q

The Threefold Way: panna includes

A
  • right view
  • right intention
32
Q

The Threefold way: sila includes

A

-right speech
- right action
- right livelihood

33
Q

The Threefold Way: samadhi includes

A
  • right effort
  • right concentration
  • right mindfulness
34
Q

Alan Watts: samyak

A

‘right’ is a very bad translation. better translated to point of balance, or middle way

35
Q

Cush: right speech

A

explains it is singled out as one of the most common ways of harming or helping others

36
Q

Cush: right livelihood

A

people with blameless personal morality in their private lives do not always apply this to their business dealings

37
Q

Keown: virtue and wisdom

A

both necessary conditions for nirvana, but neither on their own is sufficient

38
Q

Keown on what is wisdom

A

a profound philosophical understanding of the human condition

39
Q

Keown’s view of enlightenment

A

fulfilling the human potential for goodness and happiness

40
Q

Gethin: opposite of the three poisons

A
  • non attachment (alobha)
  • loving kindness (metta)
  • wisdom (panna)
41
Q

aloba

A

non-attachment

42
Q

bhaveti

A

to develop and cultivate

43
Q

Gethin: significance of emotional state for behaviour

+ how to be content

A
  • basic relationship between one’s understanding, actions, and underlying emotional state
  • in order to be content, the mind must be free of guilt and remorse, therefore one needs a clear conscience (achieved through good conduct)
44
Q

why karuna is central to Buddhist practice

A

believe the consciousness is not a self - it will be cultivated by another body after death. Must therefore care about what will happen to the consciousness after ‘you’ have it in order to be motivated to work on positively cultivating it

45
Q

khanti

A

patience, forgiveness, forbearance

46
Q

arhat

A

typically Theravadin: someone who attains nibbana for themself and will not be reborn

47
Q

bodhisattva

A

typically Mahayana: a consciousness that could attain nibbana but delays it out of compassion to aid others achieve it too

48
Q

tathagatagarbha

A

mahayana buddhism: buddha nature. the potential to be enlightened within all sentient beings

49
Q

Bodhi: importance of NEP v 4NT

A

‘if we did risk the pointless by asking that question, the answer would have to be the path’

50
Q

Bodhi: the dhamma-vinaya

A

the doctrine-and-discipline to which the primary response is practice: the indivisible unity of the 4NT and NEP

51
Q

Mahayana: can you explain nibbana?

+ quote from chayat

A

no. ‘that which is without limits cannot be defined’ - chayat

52
Q

Obaku: the nature of reaching nibbana

A

those who seek the way must enter it with the suddenness of a knife-thrust

53
Q

shakyamuni buddha: buddha nature

A

all living things are buddha nature

54
Q

Zen master rinzai: buddha nature and nibbana

A

‘we are ‘all done’ just as we are’
all things in their purest complete forms are buddha nature - nibbana is the full realisation of this

55
Q

Chayat: the separation between buddha nature and illusion of the self

A

there is no separation: ‘enlightenment is already here’. the idea of separation is created by the same dualistic mindset that creates the fiction of a permanent self and condemns us to suffering

56
Q

nibbana in theravada

A

a dimension of consciousness totally independent of circumstances in the world and personal life. complete liberation, end of clinging

57
Q

Vajrayana: result of the ego + quote

A

humans make up false beliefs and relate them to supernatural things in life.
‘mistaking the finger pointing to the moon for the moon itself’

57
Q

Vajrayana: imagining nibbana

A

only those who have experienced it know what it’s like. cannot imagine it without hindering chances of attaining it. just need to understand it is present and possible

58
Q

the Buddha: nibbana (2 quotes)

A

‘the harbour, the refuge, the ultimate’
‘the realm of inner-peace in which all subtle and gross turbulence of mind is subsided’

59
Q

Vajrayana: nibbana

A

an awakening where one sees all things as divine: Buddha paradise

60
Q

Vajrayana: the ultimate truth

A

dakpa rujam ‘all pervading sacredness’

61
Q

Vajrayana: pseudo-nibbana

A

pain free, vegetative state. sudden feeling of bliss when nibbana is realised and the change from living in suffering occurs

62
Q

Vajrayana: who can achieve nibbana + quote

A

anyone at any time in any lifetime, even sinners
‘we are destined to be enlightened’

63
Q

Bhikkhu Bodhi: significance of the 4NT

A

due to their comprehensiveness, contain within themselves all wholesome and beneficial teachings

63
Q

Tibetan Saint Milarepa

A

took the lives of many, but later embraced the ways of the Buddha and became highly revered Tibetan Buddhist master

64
Q

Bhikkhu Bodhi: ‘noble’ (ariya)

A

designates the type of person which Buddhist teaching aims to create

65
Q

Puthujjanas

A

one of the Buddha’s classifications of people: the worldlings
those whose eyes are still covered with the dust of defilements and delusion

65
Q

Ariyans

A

one of the Buddha’s classifications of people: the noble ones; spiritual elite
a disciple who has seen with immaculate clarity the Four Noble Truths

66
Q

Puthujjanas’ progress on the path

A

not immune to regressing on the path; not invincible in their striving on the path. tenuous virtues

67
Q

Ariyans’ progress on the path

A

can never slide backward; bound to reach arahantship in a maximum of seven lives

68
Q

Bhikkhu Bodhi: task of the first truth

A

full understanding
endeavour to comprehend existence from within, as honestly and thoroughly as possible

69
Q

Bhikkhu Bodhi: task of the second truth

A

abandonment
learn to withstand the coarser manifestation of defilements

70
Q

Bhikkhu Bodhi: task of the third truth

A

realisation
life our aim to nibbana and make that aspiration the pole around which we order our everyday choices and concerns

71
Q

Bhikkhu Bodhi: task of the fourth truth

A

development
the Buddha’s teaching gives us the meticulous instructions that we need to tread the path culminating in the plane of the noble ones

Buddhism (2 decks)

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