U1T1

Question 1

Monomers

Answer 1

the building blocks; carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleaic acids

Question 2

carbohydrates

Answer 2

fast energy, Monosaccharides are the building blocks for carbohydrates

Question 3

lipids

Answer 3

provides insulation, source of long-term energy, known as fats, building blocks = 2 = glycerol & fatty acids. help form the structure of cell membranes.

Question 4

protein

Answer 4

important for muscle development, immune system (fight disease & ill health). Amino acids are the building blocks for protein. meats, beans etc.

Question 5

nucleaic acids

Answer 5

DNA & RNA. Nucleotides are the building blocks. important for coding of traits.

Question 6

definition of prokaryotic cell

Answer 6

a single cell organism that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. eg. bacteria

Question 7

features of prokaryotic cells

Answer 7

oblong in shape, has a cell membrane, has flagella, no reproductive system, individual cell has its own organism

Question 8

definition of eukaryotic cells

Answer 8

Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. May be either single-celled or multicellular. eg. animal cells, plant cells, fungal cells.

Question 8

features of eukaryotic cell

Answer 8

nucleus is enclosed within the nuclear membrane, has mitochondria, cell wall is outermost layer, cell divides by mitosis, has other membrane organelles that allow for compartmentalization of functions.

Question 8

similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 8

has cell membrane, able to divide, contains DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes

Question 9

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 9

An endosymbiotic organelle where photosynthesis takes place. Only in plant cells.

Question 10

Structure of chloroplasts

Answer 10

3 distinct membranes (the outer membrane, the inner membrane, the thylakoid membrane) define 3 separate internal compartments (the intermembrane space, the stroma and the thylakoid)

Question 11

function of mitochondria

Answer 11

Powerhouse of the cell. Produce the chemical energy required to fuel biochemical reactions in the cell.
DNA directs ribosomes to produce proteins as enzymes in ATP production. Both plant and animal cells.

Question 12

structure of mitochondria

Answer 12

surrounded by double membrane system; contains DNA and ribosomes

Question 13

function of ribosomes

Answer 13

The site of protein synthesis. Reads the RNA sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, that grow into long chains that fold to form proteins. Both plant and animal cells

Question 14

structure of ribosomes

Answer 14

Made out of RNA and proteins.

Question 15

function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

Vital for protein synthesis. Protein folding, sorting, and transporting the proteins outside the cell. Both plant and animal cells.

Question 16

structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

stack of membranous organelle that is embedded with ribosomes.

Question 17

structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

tube-like structure located near the cell periphery. these tubes can branch forming a network that looks reticular.

Question 18

function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 18

Metabolic processes, synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, steroids, carbohydrates, lipids, steroid hormones. Detoxification of medications and poisons; and storage of calcium ions.

Question 19

function of lysosomes

Answer 19

Break down excess or worn-out cell parts; destroy invading viruses and bacteria; break down cellular wastes by engulfing it with hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 20

structure of lysosomes

Answer 20

Sphere-shaped sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymes that break down many types of biomolecules.
Membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes.

Question 21

structure of plastids

Answer 21

class of small organelles that contain pigment or food and found in the cytoplasm of cells; have double membrane and their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 22

function of plastids

Answer 22

photosynthesis; production and storage of metabolites. Manufacturing and storing of goods. Only found in plant cells.

Question 23

function of Golgi body/apparatus

Answer 23

transport, sorting and modification of both proteins and lipids. Found in eukaryotic plant and animal cells.

Question 24

structure of Golgi body/apparatus

Answer 24

membrane bound; made of cisternae; located in cytoplasm; four components = cisternae, tubules, vesicles, and vacuoles.

Question 26

structure of nucleus

Answer 26

nucleus, nuclear membrane, chromatin network, nucleoplasm; surrounded by nuclear matrix, enveloped in nuclear envelope (separates fluid inside the nucleus, called nucleoplasm, from rest of the cell)

Question 27

function of nucleus

Answer 27

stores the cell's DNA; Growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis, production, DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing. Found in both plant and animal cells.

Question 28

function of cell wall

Answer 28

surrounds plasma membrane of plant cells, provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress. Only in plant cells.

Question 29

structure of cell wall

Answer 29

3 major layers: primary cell wall, middle lamella, secondary cell wall. Arranged in layers, contains cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, soluble protein.

Question 30

structure of vacuole

Answer 30

membrane bound structure found in the cytoplasm matrix of a cell.

Question 31

function of vacuole

Answer 31

Store food, waste, and water; location for the storage of nutrients: sugars, proteins, metabolic products.

Question 32

components of cell membrane

Answer 32

Cholesterol, Glycoproteins, Proteins, Protein channel, Phospholipids.

Question 33

function of cholesterol

Answer 33

helps body make cell membranes, many hormones, and vitamin D

Question 34

function of glycoproteins

Answer 34

Allows white blood cells to move around the body, initiate immune responses, identify other cells.

Question 34

function of proteins

Answer 34

Helps repair and build your body's tissue.

Question 35

function of protein channel

Answer 35

facilitates the transport of substances across a cell membrane

Question 36

function of phospholipids

Answer 36

A barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults.

Question 37

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 37

direct transport of molecules across the cell membrane that is allowed by the cell membrane. Doesn't use energy.