U1.8 Genomic sequencing Flashcards
What is genomic sequencing?
The determination of the sequence of nucleotide bases for individual genes and entire genomes.
What do bioinformatics use?
Computer and statistical analyses to compare sequence data.
What can bioinformatics be used for?
To compare genomes from different species by looking for sequences similar to know genes.
What does genome comparison show?
That many genes are conserved across different organisms.
Define phylogenetics.
The study of the evolutionary history and relatedness of different species.
How is the sequence of events in evolution determined.
Using sequence data and the fossil record.
What does the molecular clock describe?
The changes in nucleotide sequences (sequence divergence) or amino acid sequences.
What does the molecular clock assume?
There is a constant mutation rate.
What do differences in sequence data between species indicate?
The time of divergence from a common ancestor.
What are phylogenetics and molecular clocks used to determine?
The main events in evolution.
What helps provide evidence of the three domains of life?
Comparison of sequences.
State the main sequence of events in evolution of life.
Cells, last universal ancestor, prokaryotes, photosynthetic organisms, eukaryotes, multicellularity, animals, vertebrates, land plants.
What does can analysis of an individual’s genome predict?
The likelihood of developing certain diseases.
Define pharmacogenetics.
The use of genomic data in the choice of drugs for treatment.
Define personalised medicine.
The selection of the most effective drugs and dosage based on personal genomic sequence data.
