U1.1 Structure of DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What do DNA nucleotides comprise of?

A

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and a base.

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3
Q

What are the complementary base pairings in DNA?

A

adenine-thymine, cytosine-guanine

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4
Q

Describe the structure of DNA (strands).

A

Double-stranded double helix with anti-parallel strands.

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5
Q

What type of bond holds the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA together?

A

Strong covalent bonds.

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6
Q

What are the base pairings a result of?

A

Weak hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

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7
Q

What is at the 3’ end of a strand?

A

Deoxyribose sugar.

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8
Q

What is at the 5’ end of a strand?

A

An inorganic phosphate.

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9
Q

What does the base sequence of DNA form?

A

The genetic code.

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10
Q

Describe DNA in prokaryotes.

A

A single circular chromosome and smaller circular plasmids.

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11
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

A circular piece of DNA.

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12
Q

Describe DNA in eukaryotes.

A

Linear chromosomes held in the nucleus.

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13
Q

Describe the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes.

A

Tightly coiled and associated with proteins called histones.

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14
Q

Give two examples of organelles with circular chromosomes.

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts.

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15
Q

How do yeast cells differ from most eukaryotic cells?

A

They contain plasmids.

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