U11 Flashcards
What does the term ‘human capital’ mean in HRM?
Human capital refers to employees and their skills, knowledge, and abilities that contribute to the organization’s success.
How has the role of HR changed compared to the past?
HR has evolved from basic administrative tasks (like payroll and record-keeping) to strategic functions like talent development and organizational planning.
Why is HR still sometimes seen as having a lower status in companies?
HR is sometimes seen as less important than other areas like finance or marketing because its outcomes are harder to measure directly.
Name at least two key functions of HRM today.
Key functions include recruitment, training, compensation, employee relations, and performance appraisal.
Why are employees considered important assets in modern companies?
Employees are essential because they contribute directly to innovation, productivity, and the company’s long-term success.
What is meant by ‘manpower planning’?
Manpower planning means forecasting the number and types of employees a business will need in the future.
What are some legal issues to consider in the staffing process?
Legal issues include ensuring equal opportunities and avoiding discrimination based on gender, race, age, or disability.
What is the benefit of hiring permanent, full-time staff?
Permanent employees bring stability, experience, and a sense of belonging to the company culture.
How does external recruitment benefit an organization?
External recruitment introduces fresh ideas, new skills, and broader experience.
Why might a company choose to hire temporary staff?
Temporary staff help cover peak periods or replace absent employees without long-term commitments.
What is ‘job sharing,’ and who might benefit from it?
Job sharing allows two employees to share the responsibilities of one full-time role; it’s useful for working parents.
How do consultants or freelancers differ from permanent staff?
Freelancers/consultants are hired for specific tasks or projects and are not part of the permanent staff.
Give an example of when a company might hire a temporary worker.
For example, a hotel might hire extra staff during the holiday season.
What is the meaning of the term ‘temps’?
‘Temps’ are short for temporary workers, usually hired through agencies for limited time periods.
Why might a company replace in-house roles with external consultants?
To reduce costs or bring in specialized skills not available in-house.
What is the first step in the recruitment process?
The first step is identifying job requirements and preparing a job description and person specification.
What are some examples of sources used to find candidates?
Sources include internal promotions, referrals, job ads, recruitment agencies, job fairs, and walk-ins.
What is ‘headhunting’?
‘Headhunting’ means actively seeking out qualified candidates, often already employed elsewhere.
What does ‘longlisting’ mean in recruitment?
Longlisting is the initial screening process where all applicants are reviewed.
What happens during a job interview?
Interviews help assess candidates’ communication skills, attitudes, and suitability for the role.
What are follow-up interviews used for?
Follow-up interviews dig deeper into a candidate’s fit for the team or specific tasks.
How is a ‘shortlist’ different from a ‘longlist’?
A shortlist includes top candidates from the longlist who are invited for interviews.
Why are job specifications and descriptions important?
These documents clarify what the job involves and what qualities are needed.
What might a company offer in a job package?
A job package may include salary, bonuses, benefits, job responsibilities, and expectations.
Why is reference checking important?
References verify a candidate’s past performance and behavior.
What are assessment centres used for?
Assessment centres test multiple candidates through tasks, role plays, and simulations.
Why might psychological testing be useful in recruitment?
Psychological tests help evaluate personality, intelligence, or emotional stability.
What is a ‘trial’ or probationary period?
A trial or probationary period is a test period before a permanent contract is confirmed.
What can a company learn from conducting exit interviews?
Exit interviews provide insight into why employees leave and how the company can improve.
How can mistakes in the hiring process affect a company?
Hiring the wrong person can hurt team morale, reduce productivity, and increase turnover.
What is the difference between ‘salary’ and ‘wage’?
Salary is a fixed monthly amount for white-collar staff; wage is usually hourly for blue-collar staff.
Name three examples of financial incentives offered to employees.
Financial incentives include performance bonuses, profit sharing, and stock options.
What are stock options, and how do they benefit employees?
Stock options allow employees to buy company shares at a fixed price, motivating long-term loyalty.
What kind of non-financial benefits might a company offer?
Non-financial benefits include pensions, healthcare, training, company cars, phones, and paid leave.
How can a company motivate employees through job satisfaction?
Job satisfaction can motivate employees through meaningful work, recognition, and opportunities to grow.
What is the purpose of initial orientation?
Orientation introduces new employees to the company, their roles, and policies.
What are common types of on-the-job training?
On-the-job training includes apprenticeships, coaching, mentoring, and shadowing.
How does ‘job rotation’ help with employee development?
Job rotation helps employees understand various roles and develop different skills.
What is shadowing in the context of training?
Shadowing lets trainees observe experienced workers to learn the role.
What are some examples of off-the-job training?
Off-the-job training includes classroom learning, online courses, and external workshops.
Why might a company invest in MBA programs for employees?
MBA sponsorship helps prepare future managers and strengthens leadership within the company.
What is computer-based training, and what are its advantages?
Computer-based training is flexible, cost-effective, and allows self-paced learning.
What are some typical responsibilities of HR in worker-management relations?
HR negotiates with trade unions, handles grievances, ensures legal compliance, and manages health & safety.
What is the role of trade unions in negotiations?
Trade unions represent workers and help negotiate better terms and working conditions.
Why is it important for agreements to be interpreted and implemented correctly?
Misunderstood agreements can lead to disputes, so correct implementation is essential.
What are joint consultation arrangements?
Joint consultation involves workers in company decision-making, improving morale and communication.
What kinds of grievances might HR need to deal with?
Grievances include disputes over pay, working conditions, harassment, or unfair treatment.
What is the aim of performance appraisal?
The aim is to measure performance, give feedback, and support employee growth.
What are the four key stages in the appraisal process?
The stages are: Set standards, Evaluate performance, Provide feedback, Use results for decisions.
How can appraisals lead to promotions or job transfers?
Appraisals guide promotions, training needs, and potential job transfers.
Why is it important to give corrective feedback?
Feedback helps employees understand weaknesses and improve performance.
How can employee suggestions improve workplace procedures?
Suggestions can lead to innovation and process improvements.
What are intrinsic and extrinsic motivators in the workplace?
Intrinsic motivators include personal growth and job satisfaction; extrinsic motivators include salary and bonuses.
How can financial rewards influence motivation?
Financial rewards provide clear incentives and boost short-term productivity.
Why is job satisfaction a key part of motivation?
Job satisfaction leads to long-term motivation, loyalty, and lower turnover.
What role does personal development play in motivation?
Development opportunities help employees feel valued and committed.
How does recognition impact employee performance?
Recognition makes employees feel appreciated and motivated to perform well.
