U1- Topic 1: Classification of Life & Cell Structure

Question 1

What did Aristotle do?

Answer 1

ordered organisms into levels of complexity
Scala Naturae ("Natural Order")

Question 2

Systema Naturae

King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti

Answer 2

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 3

Traditional 5 Kingdom Classification

Answer 3

Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 4

Monera

Answer 4

Unicellular, without membrane-bound nucleus

Question 5

Protista

Answer 5

Unicellular, WITH membrane-bound nucleus

Question 6

Fungi

Answer 6

Structural and nutritional differences from plants

Question 7

Prokaryotes

Answer 7

Bacteria & Archaea

single-celled, simpler organisms

Question 8

Eukaryotes

Answer 8

Eukarya

membrane-bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, etc.)

Question 9

What is bigger? Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes?

Answer 9

Eukaryotes are 1000x bigger

Question 10

Bacteria

Answer 10

prokaryotic, single-celled
huge diversity of energy & carbon metabolism
found in every habitat on earth

Question 11

Archaea

Answer 11

prokaryotic, single-celled

adapt to extreme environments

Question 12

Eukarya

Answer 12

Single-celled and multicellular

larger more complex cellular structures

Question 13

Why are prokaryotic cells small?

Answer 13

Increase in size = decrease in SA-to-volume ratio

Question 14

How can Eukaryotes be large?

Answer 14

membrane-bound organelles = more SA
Compartmentalization: concentrate enzymes & proteins to carry out essential functions (nutrient uptake, energy production, waste secretion)

Question 15

What is found in a eukaryote but not in a prokaryote?

Answer 15

Nucleus

Question 16

endosymbiosis

Answer 16

mutually beneficial relationship bacteria and archaea (mitochondria and chloroplast)

Question 17

Phototroph

Answer 17

Uses light as energy source

Question 18

Chemotroph

Answer 18

Uses chemical (inorganic/organic) source of energy

Question 19

Photoautotroph

Answer 19

Light for energy

Inorganic carbon source

Question 20

Photoheterotroph

Answer 20

Light for energy

Organic carbon source

Question 21

Chemolithotroph
Chemolithoautotroph
Chemolithoheterotroph

Answer 21

Inorganic energy source
Chemolithoautotroph = inorganic carbon source
Chemolithoheterotroph = organic carbon source

Question 22

Chemoorganotroph
Chemoorganoautotroph
Chemoorganoheterotroph

Answer 22

Organic energy source
Chemoorganoautotroph = inorganic carbon source
Chemoorganoheterotroph = organic carbon source

Question 23

From Endosymbiosis, what do chloroplasts originate from?

Answer 23

cyanobacteria