U1 Module 2: Psychology's Big Issues and Approaches

Question 1

Nature-Nurture Issue

Answer 1

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experiences make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.

Question 2

Natural Selection

Answer 2

The principle is that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likey be passed on to a succeeding generation.

Question 3

Levels of Analysis

Answer 3

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.

Question 4

Biopsychosocial Approach

Answer 4

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.

Question 5

Behavioral Psychology

Answer 5

The scientific study of observable behavior. and its explanation on learning.

Question 6

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 6

The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

Question 7

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 7

The study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principals of natural selection.

Question 8

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 8

How we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve self-fulfillment.

Question 9

Psychodynamic Psychology

Answer 9

A branch of psychology that studies how unconsciousness drives and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.

Question 10

Social-Cultural Psychology

Answer 10

The study of how situations and culture affect our behavior and thinking.

Question 11

Psychometrics

Answer 11

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.

Question 12

Basic Research

Answer 12

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

Question 13

Biological Psychologist

Answer 13

Attempts to understand the relationship between the brian and the nervous system and their relationship to behavior.

Question 14

Developmental Psychology

Answer 14

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social changes through the life span.

Question 15

Biological Psychology

Answer 15

The scientific study of the links between biological (genetics, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes.

Question 16

Educational Psychology

Answer 16

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning.

Question 17

Personality Psychology

Answer 17

The study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Question 18

Social Psychology

Answer 18

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate, to one another.

Question 19

Experimental Psychology

Answer 19

A diverse group of psychologists investigates a variety of basic behavioral processes.

Question 20

Applied Research

Answer 20

Research designed to solve specific practical problems.

Question 21

Industrial-Organization Psychology

Answer 21

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in the workplace.

Question 22

Human Factor Psychology

Answer 22

An I/O psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environment can be made safe and easy to use.

Question 23

Counseling Psychology

Answer 23

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well-being.

Question 24

Clinical Psychology

Answer 24

A branch of Psychology that studies assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

Question 25

Psychiatry

Answer 25

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders.

Question 26

Positive Psychology

Answer 26

The scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strength and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.

Question 27

Community Psychology

Answer 27

A branch of Psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups.

Question 28

Forensic Psychology

Answer 28

Apply psychological principles to legal issues.

Question 29

Health Psychology

Answer 29

Researchers are concerned with psychology’s contribution to promoting health and preventing disease.

Question 30

Rehabilitation Psychology

Answer 30

Researchers work with people who have lost optimal functioning after an accident, illness, or other events.

Question 31

School Psychology

Answer 31

Researchers who are involved in the assessment of and intervention of children in education settings.

Question 32

Sports Psychology

Answer 32

Researchers who have explored psychological factors athat influence participation in sports and other spyical activitys.