U1, L6 Sm Intestine

Question 1

what are the three segments of the small intestine?

Answer 1

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 2

the ileum and jejunum are __peritoneal organs

Answer 2

intra

Question 3

the small intestine is suspended in the body by the ___

Answer 3

mesentary

Question 4

mucosa and submucosa form circular folds called __.

Answer 4

plicae

Question 5

the small projections on each plicae are called ___.

Answer 5

villi

Question 6

each villus contains a lymphatic vessel called a ___

Answer 6

central lacteal

Question 7

on each villus, there are additional projections called ___.

Answer 7

microvilli

Question 8

the villus have a ___ epithelium.

Answer 8

simple columnar

Question 9

The mucosa of the epithelial tissue in the small intestine contains three types of cells. these are

Answer 9

absorptive and goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Tcells called IELs.

Question 10

IELs immediately release ___ upon encountering ___

Answer 10

cytokines; antigens

Question 11

___ are found between the villi.

Answer 11

intestinal crypts

Question 12

Peyer’s patches are ___. They are found in the ___

Answer 12

lymphoid tissue; submucosa

Question 13

Brunner’s glands secrete ___

Answer 13

bicarbonate mucus

Question 14

intestinal juice is relatively ___ in enzymes

Answer 14

poor

Question 15

when chyme enters the duodenum, __ and __ are partially digested, and __ are not digested at all.

Answer 15

carbs; proteins; fats

Question 16

when chyme is released into the duodenum, it is ___tonic and has a ___ pH

Answer 16

hypertonic; low pH

Question 17

local ____ neurons of the GI tract coordinate intestinal motility.

Answer 17

enteric

Question 18

___ neurons cause the contraction and shortening of the circular muscle layer and the shortening of the longitudinal muscle.

Answer 18

cholinergic

Question 19

___ and ___ relax the ileocecal sphincter and allow chyme into the large intestine

Answer 19

gastroileal reflex; gastrin

Question 20

water absorption occurs due to ___

Answer 20

osmosis (sodium dependent)

Question 21

carbs include…

Answer 21

mono, di, and polysaccharides

Question 22

monosaccharides include

Answer 22

glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 23

disaccharides include

Answer 23

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 24

polysaccharides include

Answer 24

glycogen, starch, fiber

Question 25

glucose is transported out of the enterocyte via ____ diffusions

Answer 25

facilitated

Question 26

monosaccharides are absorbed via ____

Answer 26

active transport (sodium dependent)

Question 27

there are __ amino acids

Answer 27

20

Question 28

proteins are broken into ___ for absorption

Answer 28

peptides

Question 29

nucleic acids are polymers of ___

Answer 29

nucleotides

Question 30

a nucleotide consists of a….

Answer 30

base, pentose sugar, and phosphate

Question 31

lipids are emulsified by __ and digested by ___

Answer 31

bile; pancreatic lipase

Question 32

lipids are digested to ___, ___ and ___

Answer 32

monoglycerides, glycerol, and fatty acids.