U1, L6 Sm Intestine Flashcards
what are the three segments of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
the ileum and jejunum are __peritoneal organs
intra
the small intestine is suspended in the body by the ___
mesentary
mucosa and submucosa form circular folds called __.
plicae
the small projections on each plicae are called ___.
villi
each villus contains a lymphatic vessel called a ___
central lacteal
on each villus, there are additional projections called ___.
microvilli
the villus have a ___ epithelium.
simple columnar
The mucosa of the epithelial tissue in the small intestine contains three types of cells. these are
absorptive and goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Tcells called IELs.
IELs immediately release ___ upon encountering ___
cytokines; antigens
___ are found between the villi.
intestinal crypts
Peyer’s patches are ___. They are found in the ___
lymphoid tissue; submucosa
Brunner’s glands secrete ___
bicarbonate mucus
intestinal juice is relatively ___ in enzymes
poor
when chyme enters the duodenum, __ and __ are partially digested, and __ are not digested at all.
carbs; proteins; fats
when chyme is released into the duodenum, it is ___tonic and has a ___ pH
hypertonic; low pH
local ____ neurons of the GI tract coordinate intestinal motility.
enteric
___ neurons cause the contraction and shortening of the circular muscle layer and the shortening of the longitudinal muscle.
cholinergic
___ and ___ relax the ileocecal sphincter and allow chyme into the large intestine
gastroileal reflex; gastrin
water absorption occurs due to ___
osmosis (sodium dependent)
carbs include…
mono, di, and polysaccharides
monosaccharides include
glucose, fructose, and galactose
disaccharides include
sucrose, lactose, maltose
polysaccharides include
glycogen, starch, fiber
