U1 definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Resultant force

A

sum of all forces

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2
Q

Equilibrium

A

no resultant force, no moment

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3
Q

Principle of moments

A

a body will be in equilibrium if the sum of clockwise moments acting on it is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments

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4
Q

Gravitational field strength

A

the force per unit mass

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5
Q

Center of gravity

A

the point which weight of an object is considered to act

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6
Q

Newton’s first law

A

an object will remain at rest or in state of uniform motion until acted upon by a resultant force

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7
Q

Newton’s second law

A

F=ma

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8
Q

Newton’s third law

A

for every action, there are equal and opposite forces (same type of forces)

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9
Q

Conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed

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10
Q

Conservation of momentum

A

In a closed system, sum of momentum before is equal to the sum of momentum after

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11
Q

Hooke’s law

A

the force needed to extend a spring is proportional to the extension of the spring

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12
Q

Young modulus

A

stress per unit strain

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13
Q

Elastic deformation

A

when force is removed, it returns to its original size and shape

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14
Q

Plastic deformation

A

when force is removed, it cannot return to its original size and shape

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15
Q

Elastic limit

A

stress beyond which it does not return to its original shape when the force is removed

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16
Q

Limit of proportionality

A

point beyond which Hooke’s law no longer applies

17
Q

Yield point

A

beyond this point, there is little or no increase in stress required to produce large extension

18
Q

Ultimate tensile stress

A

highest stress within the material

19
Q

Tensile stress

A

stress at which material will break

20
Q

Breaking stress

A

material breaks at this point

21
Q

Hardness

A

resistance to scratching

22
Q

Strength

A

stress needed to break

23
Q

Strong

A

requires a large stress to break

24
Q

Tough

A

absorb a large amount of energy per volume before fracture

25
Ductile
pull into shape
26
Malleable
compress into shape
27
Laminar flow
layers of fluid flow past each other without mixing
28
Terminal velocity
constant maximum velocity reached by an object falling through a fluid when resultant force equals to zero
29
Upthrust
weight of fluid displaced by object