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National 5 Chemistry (lesson by lesson) > U1-2-4 - Covalent Structures > Flashcards

U1-2-4 - Covalent Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Name of group 1 in the periodic table

A

Alkali metals

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2
Q

Name of group 7 in the period table

A

Halogens

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3
Q

Name of group 0/8 in the periodic table

A

Noble gases

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4
Q

List the diatomic elements (there are 7)

A

H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2

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5
Q

A proton has a mass of ….. and a charge of …. .

A

mass = 1

charge = +1

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6
Q

A neutron has a mass of …. and a charge of …. .

A

mass = 1

charge = 0

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7
Q

An electron has a mass of …. and a charge of …. .

A

mass = 0

charge = -1

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8
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons. Defines an element.

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9
Q

Mass number

A

The number of protons and neutrons

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10
Q

Why are atoms neutral?

A

Equal number of protons and electrons.

+ and - charges cancel out.

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11
Q

In the nuclide notation shown, 17 is the …

A

Atomic number

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12
Q

In the nuclide notation shown, 35 is the …

A

Mass number

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13
Q

What is a valence electron?

A

An electron in the outermost electron shell (furthest from the nucleus).

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14
Q

Ion

A

A charged atom formed when an atom has gained or lost electrons

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15
Q

Why do atoms form ions?

A

To gain a full outer shell of electrons.

This makes them more stable.

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16
Q

Ions have the same electron arrangement as the nearest ….

A

Noble gas

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17
Q

Explain why noble gases do not form ions.

A

They already have a full outer shell.

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18
Q

The number of protons. Defines an element.

A

Atomic number

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19
Q

The number of protons and neutrons

A

Mass number

20
Q

A charged atom formed when an atom has gained or lost electrons

A

Ion

21
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

22
Q

State the structure of noble gases.

A

Monatomic (exist as single atoms).

23
Q

Give the definition of a covalent bond.

A

A covalent bond forms when two positive nuclei are held together by their common attraction for a shared pair of electrons.

24
Q

Draw a diagram, showing all outer electrons, to represent a molecule of ammonia, NH3.

A
25
Q

Shape of a molecule containing 2 atoms

A

Linear

26
Q

Shape of a molecule containing 3 atoms

A

Angular

27
Q

Shape of a molecule containing 4 atoms

A

Trigonal pyramidal

28
Q

Shape of a molecule containing 5 atoms

A

Tetrahedral

29
Q

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

A

Isotopes

30
Q

This type of structure is made of discrete molecules.

A

Covalent molecular

31
Q

This type of structure is made up of thousands of atoms bonded together.

A

Covalent network

32
Q

Low melting point:

molecular or network?

A

Molecular

33
Q

Very high melting point:

molecular or network?

A

Network

34
Q

Covalent network elements (3)

A

Boron, silicon, carbon

35
Q

Very hard and unreactive:

molecular or network?

A

Network

36
Q

Structure of an ionic solid

A

Ionic lattice

37
Q

Type of bond formed between two non-metals

A

Covalent

38
Q

Type of bond formed between a metal an a non-metal

A

Ionic

39
Q

An ionic bond

A

The electrostatic attraction between postive and negative ions.

40
Q

Soluble in water:

covalent network or ionic?

A

Ionic

41
Q

Conducts electricity:

covalent molecular, network or ionic?

A

Ionic

42
Q

When can an ionic compound conduct electricity?

A

When molten or dissolved.

43
Q

The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.

A

An ionic bond

44
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

No. of neutrons = Mass number – Atomic number

45
Q

Are metal ions positive or negative?

A

Positive

46
Q

Are non-metal ions positive or negative?

A

Negative

47
Q

The charge number of an ion is equal to the element’s …

A

valency.

(e.g. O has valency 2, and charge 2–)

National 5 Chemistry (lesson by lesson) (24 decks)

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