U 2 - Diversity of living organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of a virus

A
  • Extremely small
  • Non-cellular
  • Not made up of cells
  • No nucleus
  • No cytoplasm
  • No cell organelles/membranes
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2
Q

What are viruses made up of

A

Single central strands of DNA/RNA surrounded by protein coat

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3
Q

Are viruses particles cells? Explain why

A

No.
They don’t have metabolisms and don’t carry out the 7 characteristics of life. They cannot reproduce on their own without the help of another living host cell

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4
Q

How do viruses reproduce

A

Viruses invade host cells and take over their cellular activities and uses its energy and genetic material to make copies of themselves while killing the host cell from within

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5
Q

Feature of flowering plants

A

They have leaves, stems + roots

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6
Q

What are flowering plants made up of

A

Nucleus
Chloroplasts containing chlorophyll
Cell wall

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7
Q

How do plants feed

A

By converting water and mineral salts from the soil, and oxygen from the air and converting it by using light energy from sunlight

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8
Q

Def: Photosynthesis

A

Process where plants produce their own food by absorbing water, mineral salts and oxygen and converting it using light energy from sunlight

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9
Q

Name the 2 types of flowering plants

A

Monocotyledons
Dicotyledons

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10
Q

Give 2 differences between dicot and monocot

A

Dicot
- has 2 cotyledons
- has wider leaves with a net vein pattern
Monocot
- has 1 cotyledon
- has narrow leaves with a parallel vein pattern

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11
Q

Difference between vertebrates and invertebrates

A

Invertebrates – organisms without backbone
Vertebrates – organisms with backbone

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12
Q

3 Eg. of invertebrates

A

Molluscs
Annelids
Anthropods

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13
Q

Name 2 adaptations of an octopus

A
  • Shell inside body
  • Long tentacles to catch food
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14
Q

3 Features of annelids

A
  • Live on land + water
  • Long cylindrical, segmented bodies
  • Don’t have exo /endo skeleton
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15
Q

Adaptation of anthropods

A
  • Covered in waterproof cuticle to protect + support body
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16
Q

3 Features of insecta

A
  • 1/2 pairs wings
  • 3 pairs joined legs on thorax
  • Body divided
    o Head
    o Thorax
    o Abdomen
17
Q

3 Adaptations of insecta

A
  • Hard, rigid exoskeleton to protect against environmental conditions
  • Exoskeleton covered w/ waterproof cuticle bc. waxy tissue prevents water loss by evaporation
  • Have wings to fly away from predators + seek food
18
Q

2 Adaptations of centipedes

A
  • Carnivore so they eat animals
  • Poison claws to paralyse prey w/ poison released from claws
19
Q

5 Classes of vertebrates

A

Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

20
Q

3 Features of amphibians

A
  • Eggs laid in water
  • Larvae have gills
  • Eardrum externally
21
Q

2 Adaptations of reptiles

A
  • Eggs leathery shell to be resistant to drying, don’t look after eggs after laying them
  • Cannot maintain body temp so they partly regulate temp by behaviour
22
Q

3 Features of mammals

A
  • Mammary glands
  • Diff types teeth
  • Pinnae (earflaps)
  • Sweat glands on skin