Tyrone Flashcards
what was the context of this rebellion?
. England at war with Spain
.Regrant and commutation = bagenol was granted lands that should have been tyrones and meant that anyone could now be tried for treason
. Walter Raleigh and Edmund spencer were settling protestants and expanding plantations eg Munster
. Composition tax = pay money to keep garrison so Irish had no money to maintain their own armies
Earl of Essex and Thomas Smith granted permission to introduce a plantation, which was immediently attacked by the O’DONNELS and ONIELLS = 700 clan members killed
who were the lord deputies over the rebellion?
1 Lord Russel
2 Burgh
3 Essex
4 Mount-joy
What were the aims of the rebels ?
. Tyrone wanted Ulster control - Losing lands to Bagenal, and the explorers, and Walsinghams death left Tyrone feeling politically isolated
. Church catholic
. Irish culture and langauge preserved
. Ridding english administartion ( englis counties and english parliament eg commutation which meant that treason laws )
what kind of leadership ?
. Tyrone - raised in the house of earl of Leicester, therefore well versed in English politics
. well organised and well disciplined
. 80,000 inncome whereas Elizabeth had spent 500000 the year before, and yearly income was 300000, and spent 2,000,000 over the whole campaign
what kind of support?
. 1595 = 1000 cavalry, 4000 musketmen, 1000 pikemen
. ODONNEL AND MAGUIRE = traditional feuds laid to rest to unite against english
. CONNAUGHT, MUNSTER AND LEINSTER
. MCCARTHY, FITZTHOMAS
. by 1596 = 6000 foot-soldiers , 1200 cavalry, compared with 617 cavalry and 5700 foot-soldiers of english
. modern weapons and ammunition
what tactics did Tyrone deploy ?
. Guerilla warfare and ambushing - English not used to terrain and had heavy artillery, inept leadership - drawing maps as went along
what happened at Clontibret?
.rebels attack english Blackwater fort , Enniskellin castleand monaghan castle.
.Bagenal marches to newry with 1700 men and ambushed/trapped at monaught castle
. Ambushed again whilst leaving monaught by 4000 irish
. English retake blackwater - Irish realise expensive and vulnerable to attack when take forts
what happened at Yellow Ford ?
. Tyrone attacks Bagenal and Ormonde with 5000 men (ambush)
.English get stuck in the bog with heavy artillery and Bagenal + 800 soldiers dead
. 300 english desert, and give weapons to irish
.. munster plantations recaptured
what happened at Curlew Pass?
. Clifton to defend OCONNOR estates so went with 1400 footmen and 250 cavalry through Curlew mountains
. Ambushed and Clifford killed ( head )
. OCONNOR surrender
What happened at Kinsale ?
Spanish troops arrive but do not join with the irish
. Tyrone splits troops and marches south with 6500 men
. Mountjoy sieges Kinsale with 7000 men and Tyrone is defeated
what was the government response?
. Bagenal at clontibret with 1700 troops
. 1595 negotiations, 1598 truce ( which tryone used to buy time) , 1599 Essex attempts negotiation without a witness and without Elizabeth authority
. 2X 17200 troops under Essex, who cam home with only 4200
. 30,529 troops from 36 different counties
.Lough Fough tactics and surrounding Tyrone and scorched earth ( killed 60,000 in famine later on )
what are examples of the English Government struggling ?
. Kent send 57 cavalry and 600 footmen
.Middlesex refuse to send troops
. Have to take troops from Brittany to fight Tyrone
what increased threat?
. Alienation of Tyrone through lands and patronage
. Undermining Irish due to propaganda
. T1597 truce gave Tyrone time to rebel at curlew pass and Yellow Ford
. Severe debt due to Netherlands
. Tyrones leadership guerilla warfare
.Essex incompetence
.Alienation of british troops - 30,000 dead and at yellow ford, 300 desert - poem of better to return a hero than die a dog in ireland, and chester mutiny
what decreased threat?
. Maguire death which allowed for Munster to fall
. Experience of Mountjoy - lough foy moment
. Failure of spanish to meet at Kinslale - 1700
