Tyrone Flashcards
WHO
Hugh O’Neill - Earl of Tyrome - resent English
Hugh O’Donnell + Hugh Maguire - resentful of English incursions
Sir Henry Bagenal - member of Eng. gentry,
Florence McCarthy - Munster
Earl of Essex (LL of Ireland) - poor military commander replaced by Mountjoy
Lord Mountjoy
Background
1530s - break w/ Rome
1541 - Irish cheiftains accept Henry VIII as King of Ireland
1556- E.O.S beings plantation in Ireland under Mary
1569-71 - Eng. style councils in Connaught & Munster - rebellions and plantations
1594 - Outbreak of rebellion in Ulster
1595 - Battle of Clontibret
Eng. fort @ Blackwater attacked by Irish - Lord Deputy Russell had 1,1000 men for defence & Eng. sent 2000 but 1,616 arrived
Sir Henry - attempts to help marched w/ 1,750 men to Newry - Tyrone launched series of assaults w/ 4000 men - used good tactics, hides well-trained musketmen on both sides of the roat for a suprise and fires o both sides - English suffer 31 deaths w/ 109 wounded
1598 - Battle of Yellowford and collapes of Munster plantation
Lord Burgh died 1597 - T besifes Blackwater in Jun 1598 - Ormond tried to respnd but faced an army of 5000 - accept help from Bagenal (humiliated) - 11th Aug - B and troops attack Yellow Ford - Eng. artillery stuck in boggy ground - B killed w/ 830 men, 400 wounded & 300 joined Irish - 2,000 out of 4,2000 men returned
Plantations overthrowned - 3000 settlers faced w/ sudden uprising - few days colony destroyed - Elizabeth sent 1,900 to protect Dublin + stop uprising spreading - replaced Burgh w/ Earl of Essex as LL of Ireland
1599 - Battle of Curlew Pass
Clifford sent by Essex to rescure O’Connor forced to surrender - ambused at Curlew Pass w/ unfamiliar land fled - Clifford killed + O’Connor forced to surrender - Essex no longer attack Tyrone w/ Eng. army suffering - E furious orders Essex to march - makes poor military mistakes and replaced w/ Mountjoy - Maguire killed, weakened rebel control in Ulster - Carew suppresses rebellions in Munster w/ 3000 reinforcements
1601 - Battle of Kinsale
Spanish arrives but too late since suppression - Mountjoy besiged Kinsale w/ 7000 by end of Oct - Yrone marches arrives 21st Dec w/ 6,500 - Mountjoy army trapped w/ lacked defences, cold and exhausted, men reduced to 6,600 - 24 Dec - Mounjoy suprise attack - Tyrone returns, O’Donnell fled to Spain
-Jan 1602 Spanish surrender to English
Siege of Dunboy
Carew launched burtal attack in castle and MacGeohegan - destrouyed Dunboy ensure npot be used to resist Eng - 143 men none survived - Tyrone submitted to Mountjoy 1603 recognised as Chief Lord of Ulster
Why
Long term Anglo-Irish relations - different customs / gov e.g quasi kings and tanistry - viewed as primitive - H breaks w/ Rome but Irish still Catholic - leads to policy of cpmcilliation ( recognise H as King, surrender lands, become tenants in cheif) - Mary appoints E.O.S as Lord Deputy - orders to fortify the pale and encourage Eng. settlers, civilise Irish through Eng. customs (plantations)
