Typography

Question 1

Type

Answer 1

Type, or text, refers to the words that appear on maps. Commonly organised according to characteristics:
Type family
type style
type size

Question 2

Typography

Answer 2

the art or process of specifying, arranging,
and designing type.

Question 3

Type family

Answer 3

to a group of type designs that reflect common design characteristics and share a common base name. Sans serif and Serif.

Question 4

Type Style

Answer 4

Bold, Italics and Roman (normal)

Question 5

Typeface

Answer 5

Type of a particular family and style

Question 6

Type Size

Answer 6

Height measured in points

Question 7

Font

Answer 7

set of all alphanumeric and special characters of a particular type family, type style, and type size.
Uppercase and Lowercase -easier to read, less blocky, more detail

Question 8

Title case

Answer 8

Composed of lowercase letters with the first letter of each word set in uppercase. Conjunctions in lowercase. titles, subtitles, legend headings,
legend definitions, labels for point and line features.

Question 9

Sentence case

Answer 9

First letter in each sentence is capital.formal sentences are used, such
as in textual explanations or descriptions appearing on a map.

Question 10

Serifs

Answer 10

short extensions at the ends of major letter
strokes. serifed families.

Question 11

letter spacing

Answer 11

the space between each
letter in a word

Question 12

word spacing

Answer 12

the space between words

Question 13

Labelling areal features

Answer 13

Exaggerated letter and word spacing is often used
in conjunction with all-uppercase type

Question 14

Kerning

Answer 14

the variation of space between two
adjacent letters.
meausred with em = the point size of the type being used.

Question 15

Monospace fonts

Answer 15

have fixed symbol spacing, used in early computers, allows for clear distinctions between letters and symbols.

Question 16

Proportional fonts

Answer 16

variable or proportional spacing, modern word processors and GUI’s

Question 17

Leading

Answer 17

line spacing, vertical spacing between the lines of type according to their baselines, can be altered further or closer to each other, should be big enough to be read easily

Question 18

what are decorative font types?

Answer 18

bold, italics need tobe used sparingly

Question 19

What should italics be used for?

Answer 19

labelling water features and identifying publications ins the data source.

Question 20

How many font types families should be used on a map?

Answer 20

Only up to 2 - use 2 distinct families
more than 2 can become to distracting.
Map elements should all have the same font type.

Question 21

Type size : lower limits

Answer 21

all type needs to be readable, factors such as map user and map reporduction method, lighting conditions should be taken into consideration when choosing a type.

Question 22

Readability

Answer 22

is influenced by typeface, crispness of reproduction and other elements.

Question 23

Type size

Answer 23

Type size should correspond with size/importance of map features and heirarchy of map elements.

Question 24

evaluating types

Answer 24

critically evalutae and do not simply accept the format due to the website/programme
what can be done better/
what was done wrong.
Always spellcheck your map.

Question 25

Guidelines for labelling all features

Answer 25

orient tpye horizontally except when labelling a map with graticules and diagonal or curved features, the type should follow the curve/line.

Question 26

How can overprinting be minimized?

Answer 26

mask, halo or callout the type. but make sure they are placed close to their association.

Question 27

Labeling point features

Answer 27

select positions that avoid over printing. follow preferred locations, most preferred is to the left or right of point. dont let anything come between the label and the point.
do not exaggerate the spacing.

Question 28

How to label points close to the coast lines?

Answer 28

Labelled entirely on land

Question 29

how to label point on the coastline?

Answer 29

label either on land or on the water no half half

Question 30

How to label linear features?

Answer 30

type is placed above them not touching, text should read from left ot right and should not be upside down.

Question 31

how to label an boundary?

Answer 31

type appears above and below the lines incidating the boundary.

Question 32

How to label complex curved/long line features?

Answer 32

follow the general trend of the feature.
long features can be labelled multiple times.

Question 33

How to label areal features?

Answer 33

visually centering
the label within the feature, follow the general trend of the area, use uppercase type and exaggerated spacing = it emphasises the areal extent.

Question 34

How to label too small areal features?

Answer 34

should be labelled as a point feature.

Question 35

What is automated type placement?

Answer 35

automatically position type, Focuses primarily on the placement of type
associated with map features, Not to position map elements that are composed of type like the title. it avoids over printing and creating conflict among type labels .

Question 36

2 general approach to automated type placement

Answer 36

• Placement of each label in its preferred position, followed by an iterative reorganization of labels to
  avoid or minimize conflict among labels
• Casual, suboptimal placement of labels, followed by an iterative reorganization of labels
  until the combined placement of all labels approaches an optimal state.

Question 37

Advantage and disadvantage of ATP

Answer 37

saves time but is computing intensive.