Types & Origin of Cells; Cell Organelles Flashcards
what are the two types of cells
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
how can we differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic:
- no membrane-bound organelles
- no nucleus
- only for unicellular organisms
define endosymbionts
one cell living in another cell due to a symbiotic (where at least one species benefits) relationship
how did eukaryotic cells for unicellular organisms arise
through endosymbionts
how are unicellular and multicellular organisms different
- unicellular: needs to fulfill everything ensuring survival
- multicellular: delegated duties, differentiation
define differentiation
generally unspecialized cell becomes highly specialized and expresses “cell specific” genes
where is information stored in a cell
nucleus
cell structure and cell function are ________ linked
intrinsically
proteins have various roles, name them
- enzymes
- components of macromolecules
- major structural components
- receptors, channels
- hormones, growth factors
- signaling components
- gene activators/transcription factors
what do eukaryotic cells consist of on the eukaryotic cells (??)
cytosol and plasma membrane
what do eukaryotic cells consist of internally (double check this)
- mitochondrion, peroxisome, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle, nuclear envelope, lysosome
what is the role of the mitochondria
generate usable energy from food to power the cell
what is the role of chloroplasts
capture energy from sunlight
what is the purpose of internal membranes
create intracellular compartments with different functions
what is the cytosol
concentrated aqueous gel of large and small molecules
